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Chapter 16
North American Societies
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define Potlatch. | A ceremonial feast used to display rank and prosperity in some Northwest Coast tribes of Native Americans. |
| What was the most important resource for the peoples of the Northwest? Why? | The most important resource was the ocean for the peoples of the Northwest because they hunted whales in canoes and they got many resources from the sea, the coastal forest provided plentiful food. |
| How did environment affect the development of the cultures of the Southwest | The cruel, dry desert lands of the Southwest was not has forgiving. Although it was difficult to manage, the tribes used irrigation to produce harvests of corn, beans, and squash, making farming a center of the community. |
| For what purpose did the Mound Builder cultures use earthen mounds? | The Mound Builder cultures use earthen mounds to bury their dead. The mounds held the bodies of tribal leaders often were filled with gifts, such as finely crafted cropper and stone objects. |
| Why did the tribes of upper New York form a political alliance? | Chief hiawatha helped to create this league. His goal was to promote joint defense and cooperation among the tribes. This is important because North Eastern Tribes often fought with each other. To protect each other, cooperation through trade |
| Why might the people of the Northwest consider the potlach to be a good way to signal social standing and wealth? | This is because the Northwest Coast tribes developed societies in which differences in wealth created social classes. The potlach was a ceremony based off of prosperity. Wealth usually showed power and the ceremonies helped them to show off their power. |
| Why might the location have been important to the power and wealth of the Mississippian culture? | Their wealth and economy was based on farming and trade so they needed fertile land and trade routes to be successful. |
| In what ways did the peoples of North America share similar cultural patterns? | Tribes were often very family oriented and used totems as symbols of great events. Their religion was similar, believing that spirits guided them. All tribes traded to be self-sufficient and have a growing economy. |
| Define Anasazi. | An early Native American people who lived in the American Southwest. |
| Define Tikal. | A spectacular city the Mayan people built that became a major center of trade and religion in northern Guatemala |
| How do the characteristics of Maya civilization compare with the characteristics of a typical civilization? | Like many societies such as the Sumerians, the ancient Greeks, and the ancient Romans, the Mayans built their civilization on agriculture and religion. Although the science of the Maya civilization was very unique. |
| What was the basis of Mayan life? | The Mayan religion and agriculture was at the center of their society. |
| Why was the calender important for the Mayan religion? | They felt like it was important to know which god controlled each day. They believed in many gods, including one for each day. The actions of the day’s god could be predicted by following a calendar. |
| What three explanations have been given for the collapse of the Maya civilization? | Warfare, overuse of natural resources due to overpopulation, lost faith in their leader. |
| Why was trade important to the Maya civilization? | Trade linked these cities together |
| How important do you think the development of advanced mathematics was in the creation of the Mayan calendar? | The development of advanced mathematics was very important in the creation of the Mayan calendar because they used concepts from mathematics and applied it to their calendars. They were able to grasp large numbers and understand lunar years |
| Which of the causes for the fall of the Maya do you think was most important? | Mayans losing their faith in their leader was most important |
| Why was the Valley of Mexico a good place for people to settle? | it has lakes and fertile soil |
| After the Teotihuacan, who were the next people to dominate the area? | Toltecs |
| What was the Aztec Empire based on? | military conquest and collecting tribute from conquered peoples. |
| Why were priests so important to the Aztec societies? | Priests made the sacrifice of human blood to make sure that the sun god was happy, and so the sun rise every day. |
| Why did the Aztecs become war-like peoples? | They needed people to sacrifice to the their sun god. |
| Where did the Inca civilization develop? | In the Andes Mountains of South America. |
| How did the Inca empire grow? | Through military conquests |
| What did the Incas build that helped unite the empire? | Roads |
| What invention of the Incas was similar to one of the Mayans? | Day and night calendars for information about their gods |
| Who were the two most important Incan gods? | The creator god and the sun god |
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gtaveroni