Save
Busy. Please wait.
Log in with Clever
or
show password
Forgot Password?
Don't have an account?  Sign up 
Sign up using Clever
or
Username is available taken
show password


Make sure to remember your password. If you forget it there is no way for StudyStack to send you a reset link. You would need to create a new account. Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.

Already a StudyStack user? Log In

Reset Password
Enter the associated with your account, and we'll email you a link to reset your password.
focusNode
Didn't know it?
click below
 
Knew it?
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
0:00
edit
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

  Normal Size     Small Size show me how

BIO LECTURE 15

QuestionAnswer
The pancreas secrets hormones that affect what? blood glucose level
what are normal blood glucose levels? 90mg/100mL
The pancreas contains clusters of endocrine cells called what? islets of langerhans
What does the pancreas secrete? Insulin: secreted by beta cells Glucagon: secreted by alpha cells
define negative feedback: a loop in which the response reduces the initial stimulus.
define positive feedback: Reinforces a stimulus, leading to an even greater response.
insulin: When blood glucose rises above the normal ranger, release of insulin triggers uptake of glucose from the blood into body cells, decreasing the blood glucose concentration (main target the liver)
glucagon: when blood glucose drops below the normal range, the release of glucagon promotes the release of glucose into the blood from energy stores, such as liver glycogen, increasing the blood glucose concentration.
Describe the islets of langerhans alpha cells: make glucagon beta cells: make insulin secrete into the interstitial fluid and enter the circulatory system.
Hormone secreting cells make up what percentage of the pancreas? 1-2%
How is Insulin secreted? what is its stimulus, target and response By Beta Cells Stimulus: Increase blood sugar (blood glucose) Target: Muscle cells; liver cells Response: Decreased blood sugar. Influences almost all body cells outside the brain to take up glucose from the blood
How is Glucagon secreted? what is its stimulus, target and response Secreted by alpha cells of pancreas Stimulus: decreased blood sugar target: liver cells response: The response is glycogen is broken down into glucose and put into the bloodstream. blood sugar increases.
Diabetes Mellitus: High levels of glucose in the blood and urine. Damage to capillaries, heart, eyes, kidneys and nerve cells
Insulin (diabetes) A hormone signals cell to take up glucose from the blood. Binds to the insulin receptor.
Describe Type 1 diabetes: Usually diagnosed in childhood. Autoimmune disease. Body attacks and destroys beta cells. Body make insufficient or no insulin. Daily insulin injections required
Why do diabetics have large amount of pee? do keep urine homestasis. Secrete more water into filtrate. Unable to reabsorb glucose into blood stream
Describe Type 2 diabetes: Adult onset, far more common than type 1. Body is insulin resistant. Meaning, insulin is produced, but body does not respond to it. Linked obesity and heart disease. Controlled by diet and exercise. non insulin dependent. Target cells don't absorb it.
Hypothalamus: the master control center located in the forebrain
What is the role of the hypothalamus? coordinates both the nervous system and the activity of the pituitary gland. -Receives messages from brain, blood, nerves: high/low temp, low blood sugar. Processes stimuli and initiates a response: sweat and hunger.
What is the hypothalamus made of? neurosecretory cells: nerve cells that release hormones. Neurohormone signaling.
Where is the pituitary gland located? Below the hypothalamus. Secretes hormones that control several host processes.
Some of the controls of the pituitary gland: Controls growth, blood pressure, sex organs, thyroid gland and metabolism. Size of a pea.
What are the two lobes and functions in the pituitary gland? Posterior Pituitary: Stores hormones made by the hypothalamus. (ADH and Oxytocin) Anterior Pituitary: Makes and releases several hormones; regulated by the hypothalamus.
Neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamus store what two hormones in the posterior pituitary Antidiuretic hormone and Oxytocin.
Describe basic information of Anti-diuretic Hormone: Peptide hormone. Stored in pituitary gland. Stimulus: Increased blood osmolarity Target: Collecting duct and distal tubule of the nephrons Response: Regulation of metabolic processes back to set point.
Describe basic information of Oxytocin: Peptide hormone. Stored in pituitary gland Two stimuli: -Suckling and uterine contractions Target: mammary glands and uterus Response: Milk release and stronger contractions.
Describe Positive feedback mechanism of oxytocin: Generates response using positive feedback.
what do hypothalamic axons secrete? neurohormones
Growth Hormone: Made by anterior pituitary gland Peptide Hormone Stimulus: exercise, fasting, sleep. Target: Liver, bones Response: Bone/ muscle growth, protein synthesis. Liver responds to GH by releasing insulin like growth factors. circulate blood lead tobone grow
tropic hormones definition: regulate the function of other endocrine cells.
What happens when GH levels are abnormally high? too low? Hypersecretion of GH. Gigantism and Acromegaly Hyposecretion of GH. Pituitary dwarfsm
Gigantism: Unsual or abnormal tallness which occurs during child growth.
Acromegaly: Same as gigantism, only this occurs after growth plate cartilage fuses in adulthood. Because remaining target cells are mainly in the face, hands and feet, the result is overgrowth of extremities.
Hypo secretion: Too little GH production
Pituitary dwarfism: slow growth pattern using childhood growth; unusually small stature.
Prolactin: Peptide hormone. made by the anterior pituitary. Stimulus: Pregnancy, childbirth, and nursing Target: Mammary glands Response: Milk production -Also targets ovaries to prevent ovulation.
Follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone (FSH, LH) Regulate reproductive functions by targeting ovaries and testes. More to come later
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone: Stimulus: Thyroid releasing hormone Target: Thyroid gland Response: release of thyroid hormone
Hormone Cascade: One hormone stimulates the release of another, which stimulates the release of another,
Created by: GIZMO11111
 

 



Voices

Use these flashcards to help memorize information. Look at the large card and try to recall what is on the other side. Then click the card to flip it. If you knew the answer, click the green Know box. Otherwise, click the red Don't know box.

When you've placed seven or more cards in the Don't know box, click "retry" to try those cards again.

If you've accidentally put the card in the wrong box, just click on the card to take it out of the box.

You can also use your keyboard to move the cards as follows:

If you are logged in to your account, this website will remember which cards you know and don't know so that they are in the same box the next time you log in.

When you need a break, try one of the other activities listed below the flashcards like Matching, Snowman, or Hungry Bug. Although it may feel like you're playing a game, your brain is still making more connections with the information to help you out.

To see how well you know the information, try the Quiz or Test activity.

Pass complete!
"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries:
restart all cards