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A&P 1 Ch. 12
Neural Tissue
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 2 divisions of Nervous Systems | - Central Nervous System (CNS) - Peripheral Nervous Tissue (PNS) |
| What is the difference between Neurologist and Neurology | - Neurologist diagnoses - Neurology is the study of nerves |
| The nervous system helps control what | - Homeostasis |
| The CNS deals with what 2 things | - Brain - Spinal Cord |
| The PNS deals with what | - All nervous tissue outside the brain and spinal cord |
| What are the 3 components of the PNS | - Nerves - Ganglia - Enteric Plexus (guts) |
| What are the 2 divisions of the PNS | - Somatic division - Autonomic division |
| How many Cranial and Spinal Nerves are there in the PNS | - 12 pairs of Cranial - 31 pairs of Spinal |
| What is a nerve | - Bundle of axons that transmits electrical impulses to and from the brain |
| What is a Ganglia | - Knots of Neuron cell bodies |
| What is a Enteric Plexus | - Bundle of neurons in the walls of the GI tract for digestion |
| The Somatic Nervous System controls what and is what | - Controls the body - Voluntary |
| The Somatic Nervous System is made up of what 2 Neurons | - Sensory Neurons (comes in) - Motor Neurons ( goes out) |
| The Autonomic Nervous System has what 2 divisions | - Sensory division ( viscera receptors) - Motor division |
| Motor Division has what 2 divisions | - Sympathetic ( flight or fight) - Parasympathetic ( rest and digest) |
| The Enteric Nervous System does what 2 things | - Enteric Plexus monitors stretching and chemical changes in GI tract - Enteric motor neurons controls contraction and secretion |
| What are the 3 functions of the Nervous system | - Sensory ( Affectors) - Intergrative ( decision maker) - Moto ( Effectors) |
| What are the 2 Cell types of the Nervous system | - Neurons - Neuroglia (glue or parents) |
| What is a Neuron and what does it produce | - A functional unit of the nervous system - Produces Action Potential |
| What is Action Potential | - Nerve impulses that travels along membrane of neuron - Movement of ions across membrane |
| What are the 3 parts of a Neuron | - Cell body - Dendrites - Axon |
| Cell body is the | - Command center |
| Dendrites are the | - Receivers |
| Axon is the | - Messenger - Moves nerve impulses - Includes Synaptic Terminal (end bulb) |
| What is a Synapse | - Site of communication between two neurons or between a neuron and an effector cell |
| What are the 3 parts of a Synapse | - Synaptic Terminal - Synaptic Vesicles - Neurotransmitter |
| What is a Presynaptic Cell and what does it do | - Giver of Info - Releases neurotransmitters |
| What is a Postsynaptic Cell and what does it do | - Receives - Moves action potential across membrane |
| What are the 2 types of Myelin Sheath | - Oligodendrocytes (CNS) - Schwann cell (PNS) |
| What are the Gaps in the Myelin Sheath called | - Nodes of Ranvier |
| What is the Salutatory Conduction | - Leaping from node to node |
| What is Glioma | - Brain tumor |
| 5 Types of Neuroglia | - Astrocytes - Oligodendrocytes - Microglia - Ependymal Cell - Schwann Cell (PNS) |
| Astrocytes are | - Blood brain barrier |
| Oligodendrocytes | - Form myelin sheath |
| Microglia | - Remove cell debris |
| Ependymal cell | - Produce Cerebrospinal fluid |
| Schwann cell | - Myelin sheath around PNS axons |
| What is a Ganglion | - Clusters o nerve cell bodies in the PNS |
| What is a Nucleus | - Cluster of nerve cell bodies in the CNS |
| What is a Nerve | - Bundle of axons in the PNS |
| What is a Tract | - Cluster of axons in the CNS |
| What is Gray Matter | - Butterfly shape center of the center of the spinal cord - NO Myelinated sheaths |
| What is White Matter | - WITH Myelinated sheaths |
| What is Membrane Potential | - Electrical voltage difference |
| Resting Membrane Potential | - Normal state at -70 mv |
| Action Potentials | - All or none must reach -55mv |
| Hyperpolarization | - Is more negative inside and will NOT fire action potential |
| Depolarization | - More positive inside and WILL fire action potential |
| Sodium-Potassium pump | - 3 sodium OUT, 2 potassium IN |
| What is a Membrane Receptor | - Detects sensation from enviorment |
| What are the 4 Membrane Receptors | - Photoreceptors (eyes) - Auditory hair cells - Mechanoreceptors (touch) - Olfactory and taste |
| What are the 4 important IONS | - Sodium - (out)- triggers action potential - Potassium - (in) - always brought into cell - Chloride - inhibitory - Calcium - releases Neurotransmitters |
| What are the 3 things Neurons attach to | - Another neuron - Muscles - Glands |
| What are the 6 steps of an Action Potential | - Resting potential - Depolarization (threshold) - Action Potential - Repolarization - Sodium/Potassium pump - Refractory |
| What are the 3 Factors affecting propagation speed | - Amount of myelination - Axon diameter - Tempeture |
| What are the 3 Fiber Classes | - Class A - Largest and fastest - Class B - Autonomic - Class C - smallest and slowest |
Created by:
seanmac411