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Phys Momentum Energy
Terms/concepts associated with momentum and conservation of energy.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| impulse-momentum theorem (math form) | F•∆t = m•∆v |
| quantity of motion (p) possessed by a moving object | momentum |
| equation for calculating momentum | p = m•v |
| quantity calculated by the equation "F•∆t" | impulse |
| SI unit of force | newton (N) |
| SI unit of time | second (s) |
| SI unit of mass | kilogram (kg) |
| SI unit of velocity | m/s |
| SI unit of momentum | kg•m/s |
| SI unit of impulse | N•s |
| 3 auto safety features that increase stopping time during collisions to reduce the force of the collision | seat belts, crumple zones, air bags, dentable bumpers... |
| for every action force, there is an equal magnitude but opposite direction force that acts | Newton's 3rd law of motion |
| what is the reaction to the action of a bullet being expelled from a gun? | the gun's "kick" |
| what is the reaction to the action of a rocket's exhaust being expelled downward/backward? | the rocket moves upward/forward |
| the total momentum of a closed, isolated system is constant | law of conservation of momentum |
| a collection of interacting bodies being analyzed | the system |
| describes a system that no objects move in or out of | closed system |
| describes a system on which no external (outside) forces act | isolated |
| a force that acts from outside a system and CAN cause a change in the system's total momentum | external force |
| a force that acts from within a system and CANNOT cause a change in the system's total momentum | internal force |
| how can a moving bowling ball and baseball have the same momentum? | if the baseball is moving faster than the bowling ball proportional to how much larger is the mass of the bowling ball |
| quantity in rotational motion analogous to mass in linear motion | rotational inertia OR moment of inertia |
| how should mass be distributed in a rotating body so that it is hardest to change it's rate of rotation? | as far as possible from the axis of rotation |
| device used on old-fashioned machinery that possesses a large angular (rotational) momentum to help them run more smoothly | flywheel |
| quantity in rotational motion analogous to force in linear motion, it causes an object to undergo angular acceleration | torque |
| energy may change form but the total amount remains constant | Law on Conservation of Energy |
| that which has the ability to cause change | energy |
| energy possessed by a moving object | kinetic |
| energy possessed by an object due to its position or condition | potential |
| energy form possessed by an object raised above Earth | gravitational |
| sum of the potential and kinetic energy of an object as a whole | |
| a change in energy from one form to another | transformation |
| energy form that includes visible light, X-rays, and radio waves | radiant energy |
| energy possessed (by virtue of the bonds) in foods and fuels | chemical energy |
| under what condition can you move an object but do no work on the object? | carry it |
| SI unit of energy | joule (J) |
| SI unit of work | joule (J) |
| measures the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter | temperature |
| the transfer of energy through motion | work |
| energy transformation performed by a toaster | electrical to thermal |
| energy transformation performed by an LED bulb | electrical to radiant |
| energy transformation performed by a "Hot Hands" hand warmer | chemical to thermal |
| energy transformation performed by a green plant | radiant to chemical |
| energy transformation performed by a dry cell battery | chemical to electrical |
| energy transformation performed by a conventional combustion (car) engine | chemical to mechanical |
| energy transformation performed by a photocell | radiant to electrical |
| energy transformation performed by an oscillating fan | electrical to mechanical |
| energy transformation performed by a (Halloween) glowstick | chemical to radiant |
| total energy (kinetic + potential) possessed by the particles in a sample of matter | thermal energy |
| 'direction' in which thermal energy always transfers | warmer to cooler |
| its basic assumptions include: 1)matter is made of particles 2)the particles are always moving 3)temperature measures the average particle motion | kinetic theory of matter |
| SI unit of heat | joule (J) |
| old unit of heat equal to 4.184 J | calorie |
| unit that measures food's energy content (equal to 1000 cal) | kilocalorie OR Calorie |
| energy required to change the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celcius (or Kelvin) | specific heat |
| device used (in lab) to measure changes in thermal energy of water caused by the addition of warm/cold materials or, for example, from the energy released when foods are 'burned' | calorimeter |
| substance that has unusually high specific heat and whose presence has a moderating affect |
Created by:
goakley
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