According to logical positivism, for statements to be meaningful they must be ____.

Provable through empirical evidence

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Philosophy final

Stack #2463167

Term	Definition
Who said that "essence precedes essence"?	Sartre
_____ is the idea that everything is casually destined, sidestepping choice.	Determinism
____ is the conclusion that there is no God, by means of either belief or nonbelief.	Atheism
_____ is the refusal to either believe or disbelieve in God, due to lack of knowledge.	Agnosticism
____ attributesto God
____ attributes to God certain human qualities	Anthropomorphism
_____ is a quality given to God showing his knowledge of all (appropriate) things.	Omniscience
According to logical positivism, for statements to be meaningful they must be ____.	Provable through empirical evidence
According to Plato, the ____ causes the essence of a thing.	Form
According to _____, "whatever excites and stimulates our interest is real."	Pragmatic realists
Phenomenologist, _____ says "isness" is that which remains when all properties are set aside.	Martin Heidegger
Aristotle's realism combines matter with form to compose _____.	Substance
Immanuel Kant called the Ontological Argument a ____ due to its lack of clarity.	Tautology
Aquina's argument from design for God's existence is also called the _____ argument	Teleological
The stance that things are determined but men are also responsible for their actions is	Compatibilism
______ Idealism asserts that the conscious mind and its perceptions are the only reality	Berkeley's
Aristotle's idea that everything in the universe has its own unique purpose is _____	Entelechy
T/F Anselm's argument assumes as a premise what it attempts to prove, God's existence	True
T/F Aquina's argument depends on the premise that an infinite chain of movers cannot exist	True
T/F Philosophers who raise the evidential problem of evil claim there is a contradiction between the existence of evil and an all-good, all powerful God.	True
T/F For Augustine, evil is the opposite of good, and in direct opposition to God's existence	False
T/F Compatibilism summarily asserts that determinism and free will coexist	True
T/F Statements about reality are meaningless without empirical data for the existentialist	False
T/F an atheist refuses to make a commitment regarding belief in God.	False
T/F Determinism eliminates choice, thereby eliminating responsibility	True
T/F Existentialism stresses universals and objectivity over the personal and subjective	False
T/F According to William James, every decision is determined by biological forces	False
T/F Plato believed in the immortality of the soul	True
T/F In the "wager" and James' pragmatism, not believing in God has no negative effects	False
T/F The transcendence of God accounts for God's uniqueness from creation	True
T/F according to Plato, knowledge is a recollection of the Forms	True
T/F Anselm argued God's being "that than which none greater can be conceived	True
T/F According to Plato, we live in the world of Being	False (becoming)
T/F Plato believed in the immorality of the soul.	True
T/F Traditionally, the West views God as being completely dependent on creation	False
T/F Plato's "cave" allegory shows how unreal the world of Being(the forms) is.	False
T/F Hume was a vocal critic of the Teleological Argument due to an imperfect universe	True
T/F Efficient causation addresses the question "for what end is it made?"	False
A.J. Ayer argued we should use the _____ to determine if a statement has meaning.	Verification principle
According to Plato, the world of ____, not the visible world of actual things is most real.	Ideas
According to Aristotle, we never find ___ without form or form without matter in nature	Matter
____ Cause determines what a thing is, asking the question "what is it?"	Formal
According to Hard Determinism, everything, including your will is casually ____	Determined
God's evident approachability and know-ablility is shown in God's _____	Intelligence
Aquinas' Cosmological Argument begins with his Proof from ____, seeing the transformation from the potentiality into actuality	Motion
In the Teleological Argument, _____ must direct those things that have no intelligence themselves	Imminence
Kant proposed that is _____ necessary to assume the existence of God.	Morally
William James argued that we lose the vital ___ if we choose to disbelieve in God	Good
The book of Job serves as a ___ for theists, justifying the belief in God	Theodicy
Augustine argued that ____ is the privation of goodness, not the opposite of good.	Evil
____ is the study of the nature of reality	Metaphysics
Plato was a student of _____	Socrates
A(n) _____ is a verbal attempt to get other people to accept a belief or opinion by providing reasons why they should accept it.	Argument
The view that ultimate reality is composed of material "stuff" is ____	Materialism
Aristotle invented the ____, determining how we think about things	Doctrine of the Categories
_____ is the belief that the universe and all that is in it has purpose	Teleology
A(n) ____ Argument reasons from one statement to another by means of necessary logical reasoning.	Deductive
An inductive argument that is weak, has one or more false premises, or both is ____	Uncogent
A fallacy of ___ is when a general rule is applied to a specific case it was not intended to cover	Accident
A _____ is a fallacy in which the conclusion is drawn from an atypical sample	Hasty generalization
_____ is when the argued conceals a premise not readily supportable by the facts	Begging the Question
One's ____ is the starting point for one's beliefs, ideas, feelings, biases, etc.	Point of view
The study of questions concerning knowledge and the meaning of truth is ____	Epistemology
Socrates' physical death came as a result of	Drinking poison hemlock
Heraclitus associated ultimate reality with ___	Change
Anaximenes believed the most fundamental "stuff" of the universe is ____	Air
_____ proclaimed that water is the most basic "stuff" of the universe	Thales
T/F Aristotle said "The examined life is not worth living"	False (Socrates)
T/F Plato pursues scientific knowledge through original research at the academy	True
T/F The straw man fallacy is when the argued draws conclusion different from that supported by the premises	False
T/F The word "philosophy" comes from the Greek words "philo" and "Sophia" meaning the love of debate	False( love of knowledge)
T/F The fallacy of slippery slope is when a conclusion depends on an unlikely chain reaction	True
T/F Hobbes' reductionism is a type of materialism, limiting the self simply to the body	True
T/F In figuring out wether arguments are acceptable, one need only know that the conclusion is true	False
T/F Both the Buddha and David Hume agree that the enduring self is an illusion	True
T/F An argument can be invalid and yet can still be sound	False
T/F "to know the good is to do the good" equates knowledge with virtue	True
T/F Philosophy can be generally defined as "getting to the bottom of things"	True
T/F The red herring fallacy is when the argued leads the listener off track	True
T/F Pythagoras believed change is an illusion and that the universe is constant	False
T/F Plato was known in the Athens as the "Gadfly" for his consistent irritating	False (Socrates)
T/F Sophists practiced objectivism and used dialectic in ancient Athens	False
T/F The ad hominem fallacy is when the argued attacks her opponent in a way that is unrelated to the actual argument	True
T/F Socrates believed true wisdom is found in recognizing one's own ignorance	True
In reasoning, we draw conclusions based on premises or ____	Support
____ is the study of the general characteristics of ultimate reality	Metaphysics
According to Socrates, the life that is ____ is not worth living	Unexamined
While deductive arguments show their conclusions to be necessarily true, inductive arguments show them to be ____ true	Probably
For Plato, conflicts within human nature often arise between emotions (spirit), on the one hand, and ___, on the other hand	Appetites
For Plato, the soul, which is pure, rules over the ____, which is less pure.	Body
"Have you stopped cheating on exams?" Is an example of what kind of fallacy?	Complex question
____ is the science that evaluates arguments	Logic
In Aristotle's categories, _____ addresses the question of "what is it?"	Substance
_____ fallacies can be detected through analysis of the content of the argument	Informal
The reasoning process expressed by an argument is ___	Inference
An appeal to ____ is when the argued threatens the listener	Force
A(n) ____ argument is a strong inductive argument that has all true premises	Cogent
A valid deductive argument that has an untrue premise is a(n) ____ argument	Unsound
_____ asserted that numbers are the fundamental "stuff" of the universe	Pythagoras
"Murder is morally wrong. This being the case, it follows that abortion is morally wrong." Is an example of the fallacy of ____	Begging the question
____ emphasize the highest good for the greatest number	Utilitarians
____ concluded that all of our knowledge comes from experience	Locke
____ asserted that reason lends to us certain clear and distinct, innate ideas	Descartes
____ claim that pursuits of ones own interests is what constitutes the true good	Ethical egotists
___ is the way of reason, asserting that at least some our knowledge can be acquired apart from the senses	Rationalism
____ is the way of experience, explaining that all our knowledge comes from experience	Empiricism
___ emphasized the categorical imperative as duty for dutys sake	Kant
___ assert that what is right in one place or time may be wrong in another	Relativists
____ Say that there is but one eternally true and valid moral code for all	Absolutists
_____ emphasized use of the happiness Calculus to determine the total good of a choice	Bentham
___ is a powerful third party peacemaker to establish and maintain order in society	Leviathan
Locke and Rousseaus social contracts are	Based on the belief that all men are free and equal
Platos idea of justice is	Based on a person performing his task
Aristotle's idea of justice is	Attempting to issue fairness between two parties
Locke allowed for probability or degrees of assent, thereby using ____ reasoning	Inductive
Bill is a hedonist. Which of the following would bill find to be intrinsically good?	Pleasure
Aristotle argues that happiness is the ultimate end because
	All other ends are sought for the sake of happiness
T/F Descartes looked to mathematics as a model of the method to arrive at the truth	True
Who agreed with Hume that all of our knowledge comes from experience?	John Locke
T/F Aristotle asserts that the state is primary for the individual	True
T/F the categorical imperative determines individual behavior based on what ought to be universal law	True
T/F Deontology is doing good in order to achieve some other, possibly greater, good.	False
T/F the teleological suspension of the ethical is a twist on the golden rule	False (divine command)
T/F protagoras said that "a man is the measure of all things"	True
T/F Locke rejected the notion of intuition	True
T/F Marx was influenced by Hegels dialectical materialism in his formation of socialism	True
T/F someone following Benthams advice would have to take into account the intensity, duration and certainty or uncertainty of pleasure or pain resulting from an action	True
T/F according to Berkeley, truth exists outside the mind, as an eternal reality	False
T/F Hume believed causality was meaningless, due to lack of impression	True
T/F Autonomy is the ability to think and decide for ones self	True
T/F for Plato, the guardian class rules the state out of the virtue of wisdom	False (the rulers)
T/F Ethical Egoism asserts that one should pursue the altruistic good of all men	False
T/F Logical Positivism claims that ethics is meaningless due to lack of empirical evidence	True
T/F Kant would say that morality must be based on reason, not feelings	True
T/F Aquinas purported that laws of nature are secondary to human created laws	False
Benthams principle of ____ says one should act always to promote the greatest good for the greatest number	Utility
According to Kant, for a man to be ____ he must believe in some universal moral code	Rational
Nietzsche said that "a ___ of virtue hangs over every people"	Tablet
Rousseau said "Man is ___ free and everywhere he is in chains"	Born
Descartes cogito ergo sum is best translated to mean	I think therefor I am
Kierkegaard illustrated true good in the faith fueled actions of ____ in Genesis	Abraham
Liebniz said our senses only serve as ____ of what we already know innately	Reminders
Lockes concept of tabula rosa is best translated to mean	Blank state
_____ is the immediate knowledge of something innate	Intuition
According to Plato, knowledge is more ______ than learning something for the first time	Recollection
______ ethics is recognizing how behavior ought to be rather than simply how it is	Normative
____, according to Aristotle, is the means between two extremes of an emotion or action	Virtue
Ayn Rand states that ____ discourages us from fulfilling our greatest potential	Altruism
Natural law proponents like Aquinas believe morality comes from the ___	Divine
Platos republic claims the ____ should be the ruler of the republic	Philosopher king

Created by: Hceveritt

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