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EMT Final Modules
EMT Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| EMT training in nearly every state meets or exceeds the guidelines recommended by the: | National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) |
| Which of the following is a unique function of the emergency medical dispatcher (EMD)? | Providing callers with life-saving instructions |
| The person who is responsible for authorizing EMTs to perform emergency medical care in the field is the: | Medical director |
| What type of medical direction do standing orders and protocols describe? | Off-line |
| The continuous quality improvement (CQI) process is designed to: | Identify areas of improvement and provide remedial training if needed |
| The term “pharmacology” is MOST accurately defined as: | The study of drugs and their actions on the body |
| Which of the following statements regarding the metered-dose inhaler (MDI) is correct? | An MDI delivers the same amount of medication every time it is used |
| How is nitroglycerin usually given by the EMT? | Sublingually |
| An end-stage cancer patient is abusive and complaints about how the system cannot cure him. He is likely in what stage? | Anger |
| You are at a nursing home to care for a confused 88 year old with terminal cancer. She has a DNR order. You should: | Make her comfortable and provide emotional support |
| You arrive at a motor vehicle crash where the FD is stabilizing the vehicle and the PD is directing traffic. You first: | Report to the incident commander |
| You arrive at the scene of a domestic violence situation and hear screaming and some shout "He has a gun!". You should: | Seek a safe place and request law enforcement assistance |
| The simplest yet most effective method of preventing the spread of an infectious disease is to": | Wash your hands in between patient contacts |
| You are treating a 42 year old with severe chest pains who does not want to be treated or transported. You should: | Ensure that he is aware of the risks of refusing medical care |
| A 13 year old is unconscious and has multiple injuries. The child's parents will be at the scene in 15 minutes. You: | Transport the child immediately and have the parents meet you at the hospital |
| In which of the following circumstances can the EMT legally release confidential patient information? | The patient is competent and signs a release form |
| Your BEST protection against legal liability when a competent patient refuses EMS care and transport is to: | Thoroughly document the entire event |
| When faced with a situation in which a patient is in cardiac arrest and a valid living will or DNR order cant be found: | Begin resuscitation at once |
| You arrive at the scene of a DOA. When evaluating the patient, which of the following is a definitive sign of death? = | Dependent lividity |
| The manner in which the EMT must act or behave when caring for a patient is called the: | Standard of care |
| When performing his or her duties, the EMT is generally expected to: | Exercise reasonable care and act prudently |
| Which of the following MOST accurately defines negligence? | Deviation from the standard of care that may result in further injury |
| Which of the following components are needed to prove negligence? | Duty to act, breach of duty, injury/damages, and causation |
| An EMT would MOST likely be held liable for abandonment if he or she: | Did not make provisions for continued care of an injured patient |
| Which of the following statements regarding the Good Samaritan law is correct? | It will not protect the EMT in cases of gross negligence |
| You are dispatched to a shooting- police have a semiconscious suspect in custody with a gunshot to the chest. You should: | Quickly move the coffee table so you can access and treat the patient |
| In questioning a short of breath 75 year old, you progressively move closer and closer. It's important to remember that: | As you physically get closer to the patient, a greater and greater sense of trust must be established |
| A conscious 60-year-old man complains of chest pain and denies shortness of breath. Which question is most appropriate? | "Do you have any heart problems or take any medications?" |
| In what manner should you act and speak with a patient? | Calm and confident |
| Which of the following statements regarding communication with a child is MOST correct? | Standing over a child often increases his or her level of anxiety |
| When communicating with an older patient, it is important to remember that: | Most older people think clearly and are capable of answering questions |
| Your patient, a 44-year-old man, has chest pain & does not speak English. There is no interpreter on scene. You should: | Use short simple questions and point to specific parts of your body to try to determine the source of the complaint |
| When documenting a patient's blood pressure reading, you inadvertently write 120/60 instead of 130/70. To correct this: | Draw a single horizontal line through the error, initial it, and write the correct data next to it |
| A ___________ receives messages and signals on one frequency and then automatically retransmits them on a second frequency | repeater |
| A patient has fractured both femurs. Anatomically, these injuries would be described as being: | bilateral |
| Medical control gives you an order that seems inappropriate for the patient's condition. After confirming the order you: | Advise the physician that the order is unclear and ask for clarification |
| An intoxicated 40-year-old male is found lying face down. How would you document his body's position? | prone |
| A patient in a semireclined position with the head elevated to facilitate breathing is in the ___________ position: | Fowler's |
| The brain connects to the spinal cord through a large opening at the base of the skull called the: | Foramen magnum |
| The cervical spine is composed of ___________ vertebrae | Seven |
| The bones of the forearm are called the: | radius and ulna |
| The leaf-shaped flap of tissue that prevents food and liquid from entering the trachea during swallowing is called the: | epiglottis |
| As the bronchus divides into smaller bronchioles, the terminal ends of these smaller passages form the: | Alveoli |
| The backup system of respiratory control, which is based on low concentrations of oxygen in the blood, is called the: | hypoxic drive |
| The heart muscle is called the: | myocardium |
| Your call is for a 4-month-old infant with respiratory distress. While you prepare to take care of her you remember that | Small infants are nose breathers and require clear nasal passages at all times |
| While examinating a 13 month old with fever and vomitting, you will MOST likely find that she: | Responds to her name but is fearful of your presence |
| An appropriate demonstration of professionalism when your patient is frightened, demanding, or unpleasant is to: | Continue to be nonjudgmental, compassionate, and respectful. |
| The recognition of the need for early intervention in cardiac arrest resulted in efforts to train citizens in | CPR |
| Laws that protect anyone who voluntarily stops and aids a person in an emergency are called | Good Samaritan laws |
| EMT’s who render aid at a scene of an accident when off duty usually do so because of | Moral or ethical duty |
| Reports of the patient care in the field must be presented_______ to the receiving hospital staff. | Both verbally and in writing |
| The need for rapid, universal access to emergency assistance resulted in establishment of | 911 |
| The highest level of training in EMS is | Paramedic |
| Once an EMT is certified, they may practice | Within the states scope of practice for that level EMT |
| Which personality traits best describe the ideal EMT? | Kind and compassionate |
| Common infectious illness that an EMT may encounter include | Human immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) |
| A common person who voluntarily stops to help an injured traveler is called a | Good Samaritan |
| What is the best way to transfer care of a patient | Transfer care to nurse or MD and give a report |
| Decisions regarding what facility to transport a patient from the scene of an accident are the responsibility of the | EMT in charge |
| The first priority of any EMT in the field is | Personal safety |
| Medical information received by an EMT must | Be kept in confidence, unless required by law to report |
| Diseases which an EMT can be immunized against include | Hepatitis B |
| Instructions for medical care that a person leaves for others in advance of a life-threatening medical situation is a: | Advanced directive |
| Which will allow an EMT to terminate care of a patient? | Patient no longer wants it |
| An advanced directive that specifically forbids CPR is called | A DNR order |
| Which is off-line medical control of EMT practice? | MD approval and review of treatment & protocols |
| Assumed agreement by an unconscious person to allow medical care is called | Implied consent |
| IV needles should be discarded in | Sharps container |
| The medical procedures that the EMT can perform by state statute are called the | Scope of practice |
| The nose is _____ to the mouth | superior |
| The nipples are ____ to the midline | Lateral |
| Which organ plays an important role in the defense of the body from disease? | skin |
| When measuring blood pressure, the appropriate PPE is | gloves |
| Which is the last structure that air would reach on inhalation? | Alveolus |
| The _____________________ is commonly defined by state law and outlines the care that an EMT may provide. | Scope of practice |
| What is the normal range for a respiratory rate in an adult patient | 12-20 |
| Deviation from the established standard of care may: | Cause criminal charges to be filed, result in Civil Prosecution, bring sanctions from state regulatory agencies |
| In determining legal negligence, the following four elements must be present: duty, breach of duty, damages and: | Cause |
| The type of consent where a sound of mind patient understands and wants to receive care is: | informed consent |
| If a mentally competent patient with a minor injury refuses transport to a hospital, you should | Document your assessment on a patient care report and have the patient sign a refusal form |
| An advance directive is a document that specifies: | Medical treatments that a patient would like to withhold or receive if they become unable to make decesions |
| Compliance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) has the following effects: | Protected health information may be shared with those directly providing patient care |
| Definitive signs of death include the following except | Exposed brain tissue |
| An incomplete or untidy patient care report may be viewed by a court as: | Evidence of incompetence by the author |
| When treating a patient with a serious head injury and the patient is a known organ donor and may not live, you should | treat the patient in the same manner you would another patient with similar injuries |
| What is the name of the breast bone? | Sternum |
| The front of the patient is referred to as the _________ aspect of the patient | Anterior |
| Which medication route indicates the medication is to be taken into the mouth and swallowed? | PO |
| How many injections are in a complete Hepatitis B vaccination series: | 3 |
| Which of the following is a procedure that evidence-based practice has made obsolete? | Insertion of bite sticks |
| What is the name of the process that debriefs rescuers after an difficult call that might be causing them stress? | CISD/CISM |
| What is the ideal way to lift weight safely? | Weight close to the body; back straight |
| Which of the following descriptions MOST accurately portrays emergency medical services (EMS)? | A team of health professionals who are responsible for providing emergency care & transportation to the sick/injured |
| What consent is involved when a 39 y/o mentally competent female with severe headache asks to be taken to the hospital? | Expressed |
| A “coordinated network of professionals whose function is to provide for people who need emergency care” best describes | EMS |
| In which situation would the EMT NOT have a duty to act? | Driving by a motor vehicle crash while off duty |
| Which of the following scenarios does NOT involve the administration of ALS? | a 64-year-old cardiac arrest patient who is defibrillator with an automated external defibrillator (AED) |
| A patient lying face up on his back is in what position? | Supine |
| What is the primary muscle of breathing? | Diaphragm |
| What is the correct order for air flowing out of the respiratory system? | Alveoli, bronchiole, bronchi, trachea, larynx, epiglottis, pharynx |
| What best describes the function of the alveoli? | To exchange oxygen for carbon dioxide |
| Which sign or symptom can be a sign of respiratory distress? | Very rapid breathing |
| Which sign or symptom can be a sign of respiratory arrest? | No breathing |
| Which skin color is most likely due to a respiratory problem? | Cyanosis |
| Which rate most likely represents adequate air exchange in an adult? | 16 times per minute |
| Which speech pattern indicates a patient with adequate air exchange? | Complete sentences |
| The aspect of natural ventilation that involves the diaphragm contracting and the chest wall expanding is: | Inhalation |
| The process by which carbon dioxide moves from a high concentration in the capillaries to the lower concentration in alevoli | diffusion |
| A patient who is developing early stages of hypoxia may exhibit: | Restlessness |
| A patient who to takes an occasional gasping breath after their heart has stopped has: | Agonal respirations |
| If a D-sized oxygen cylinder contains 300 L of oxygen and is at 2,000 PSI, the patient's 15lpm non-rebreather will run: | 30 minutes |
| Properly performed suctioning of a patient may still cause: | Hypoxia |
| When using a bag-valve-mask device, the key finding to observe to assure adequate ventilation is: | good chest rise and fall |
| The most common complication of bag-valve-mask use is: | gastric distension |
| The actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs in the: | alveolar sacs |
| Which of the following structures is NOT found in the upper airway? | bronchus |
| Which of the following statements regarding normal gas exchange in the lungs is correct? | Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across the alveolar walls and capillaries |
| The leaf-shaped structure located superior to the larynx is called the: | epiglottis |
| Inhalation occurs when the: | Diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract and cause a decrease in intrathoracic pressure |
| Tidal volume is defined as the volume of air that: | Moves into or out of the lungs in a single breath |
| Hypoxia is MOST accurately defined as: | inadequate oxygen to the tissues and cells |
| To select the proper size oropharyngeal airway, you should measure from the: | Corner of the mouth to the earlobe |
| You insert an oral pharyngeal airway into an unconscious 19 year old and she gags violently. You should: | Remove the airway and be prepared to suction her orophrarynx |
| The nasopharyngeal airway is MOST beneficial because it | Can maintain a patent airway in a semiconscious patient with a gag reflex |
| The MOST serious complication associated with using a nasopharyngeal airway in a patient with trauma to the head/face is | Penetrating the cranium |
| A nasopharyngeal airway is inserted: | With the bevel facing the septum if inserted into the right nare |
| A 71-year-old male is semiconscious with vomitus on his face and his respirations are slow and shallow. You must first: | Perform oropharyngeal suctioning |
| The MOST significant complication associated with oropharyngeal suctioning is: | Hypoxia due to prolonged suction attempts |
| You have inserted an oral airway and are ventilating a patient with a BVM. She vomits suddenly - you should first: | Rol her onto her side and remove the oral airway |
| Which of the following patients should you place in the recovery position? | a 31-year-old semiconscious male with low blood sugar and adequate breathing |
| Which of the following organs or tissues can survive the longest without oxygen? | Muscle |
| The purpose of the pin-indexing system that has been established for compressed gas cylinders is to: | Ensure that the correct regulator is used for the cylinder |
| The pressure of gas in a full cylinder of oxygen is approximately _______ pounds per square inch (psi). | 2000 |
| Which of the following statements regarding oxygen is correct? | Oxygen supports the combustion process an may cause a fire |
| A patient who is severely hypoxic but is breathing adequately should be given supplemental oxygen with a: | nonrebreathing mask |
| With a good mask-to-face seal and an oxygen flow rate of 15lpm, the nonrebreathing mask is capable of delivering up to: | 90% oxygen |
| Prior to applying a nonrebreathing mask on a patient, you must ensure that the: | Reservoir bag is fully inflated |
| The nasal cannula is MOST appropriately used in the prehospital setting: | When the patient has mild distress or cannot tolerate a nonrebreathing mask |
| The main advantage of the Venturi mask is: | The use of its fine adjustment capabilities in the long-term management of physiologically stable patients |
| A conscious 51-year-old female has difficulty breathing - 22bpm and regular and can speak full sentences. You should: | Administer 100% oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask |
| As the single EMT managing an apneic patient's airway, the preferred initial method of providing ventilations is the: | mouth-to-mask technique with a one-way valve and oxygen |
| Your 40-year-old uninjured man who is apneic but has a pulse is being ventilated but his BP drops suddenly. You should: | Reevaluate the rate and volume of your ventilations |
| You are performing mouth-to-mask breaths with oxygen connected and set at a flow rate of 15 L/min.What % of O2 is given? | 55% |
| All these will help minimize the risk of gastric distention when ventilating an apneic patient with a BVM except: | delivering each breath over 1 second |
| After repositioning the mask several times, you are unable to ventilate a critically injured patient. You should: | Begin ventilations using the mouth-to-mask technique |
| Which of the following is the MOST reliable indicator of adequately performed BVM ventilations in an apneic adult? | Adequate rise of the chest when squeezing the bag |
| Which of the following statements regarding the one-person bag-mask device technique is correct? | Adequate tidal volume is often difficult to achieve when one EMT is operating the bag-mask device |
| How does CPAP improve oxygenation and ventilation in patients with certain respiratory problems? | It forces the alveoli open and pushes more oxygen across the alveolar membrane |
| CPAP is indicated for patients who: | Have severe work of breathing and can follow verbal commands |
| You are ventilating a patient with a stoma; however, air is escaping from the mouth and nose. You should: | Seal the mouth and nose |
| A 37-year-old male has an apparent foreign body airway obstruction. He is conscious and alert and is coughing forcefully | Encourage him to keep coughing and transport |
| While eating dinner, your partner suddenly grabs his throat & has a panicked look. He has a weak cough and faint stridor | Stand behind him and administer abdominal thrusts |
| Hypoxia is MOST accurately defined as: | Inadequate oxygen to the tissues and cells |
| Which of the following is NOT a possible cause of airway obstruction? | shallow breathing |
| During ventilation the patients dentures loosen -you still get chest rise and her SPO2 is 96% with them loose in mouth. | Remove her dentures, resume ventilations, and assess for adequate chest rise |
| What is the minute volume of a patient w/ a tidal volume of 500 mL,dead space volume of 150 mL, & rate of 16? | 5600 mL |
| Which of the following structures is NOT found in the lower airway? | Oropharynx |
| Which of the following statements regarding normal gas exchange in the lungs is correct? | Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across the alveolar walls and capillaries |
Created by:
nicvicmen