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NCE 2017
Practicing for Licensure test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Rogers holds that psychological imbalance results from a disparity between A. past motives and future aspirations B. active strivings and past fears C. conception of self and the real self D. approach and avoidance tendencies | Conception of self and the real self |
| Freud is most closely associated with the idea of a. trait theory b. type theory c. psychosexual stages d. psychosocial stages | psychosexual stages |
| Masters and Johnson have delineated a four phase sexual response cycle. Which of the following is a phase in their conceptualization? a.foreplay b.excitement c.relaxation d. afterplay | excitement |
| By congruence rogers means close matching of a.needs and goals b. client and counselor c. awareness and experience d. feelings and perceptions | awareness and experience |
| According to Yalom ______ is a necessary precondition for effective group therapy. a. intermember acceptance b. group cohesiveness c. intimacy for self disclosure d. freedom | group cohesiveness |
| For rogers, the best approach for bringing about personality change is to a. reward socially appropriate behaviors b. promote optimism c. give unconditional positive regard d. extinguish undesirable behaviors | give unconditional positive regard |
| B.F. Skinner is best known for his ______ procedures. a. classical conditioning b.operant reinforcement c. personality study d. psychological testing | operant reinforcement |
| Which of the following theories of counseling is based on a logical cognitive approach to the solution of client's problems? a. psychoanalytic b. rational emotive c.existential d. perceptual | rational emotive |
| Which of the following counseling approaches places central importance on clients making value judgements about current behaviors? a. client centered counseling b. reality therapy c. adlerian therapy d. gestalt therapy | reality therapy |
| Which of the following client behaviors is NOT a sign of client resistance? a.frequent change of topics b. increased self disclosure c. verbal messages incongruent with nonverbal signals d. decreased eye contact | increased self disclosure |
| Life styling workshops generally include a. role-playing and group discussion b. existential messages c. T-group activities d. all of the above | role playing and group discussion |
| Counselors doing group counseling know that recognizing that working through resistance is a major task of the _____ stage in group process. a. initial b. transition c.working d. final | transition |
| Counselors use ___ groups to help members fulfill needs for support, feedback and learning. a.T b. sensitivity c. encounter d. developmental | sensitivity |
| Appropriate career education activities for the elementary school include a. visiting local newspaper b. a school 'placement office' for employment in school activities c. parent visits to classes to describe their occupations d. all of the above | all of the above |
| Interest inventories are least useful for a.predicting achievement b. predicting job satisfaction c. clarifying interest patterns c. clarifying experiences | predicting achievement |
| A counselor asks, I wonder how the new job seems to you? This is an example of what type of question? a. double-intention b.closed c.open d. indirect | open |
| A norm table may include all the following EXCEPT a. raw scores b. percentile ranks c. standard scores d. standard error of measurement | standard error of measurement |
| What is the mean of a z score distribution? a. 0 b. 1 c.100 d. 50 | 0 |
| In a normal distribution which has the highest value? a. mode b. mean c. median d. all the anove | all of the above |
| Which of the following types of variables is NOT synonymous with the term independent variable? a. input b. treatment c.response d. stimulus | response |
| If counseling researchers are concerned that pretesting may somehow sensitize or alter respondents responses' they are worried about a. maturation b.internal validity c. statistical regression d. halo effects | internal validity |
| The variables that appears, disappears or changes as the counseling researcher applies removes or varies the IV in an experimental study is called a. intervening b. dependent c.controlling d. experiemental | Intervening |
| When the slope of the regression line rises when moving left to right across a graphic representation of a group of scores, the counselor knows that this plot reflects a. + correlation b. - correlation c. canonical correlation d. zero correlatation | positive correlation |
| Which is the median stanine? a. 3 b. 4.5 c. 5 d. 9 | 5 |
| Achievement tests may be a. criterion referenced b.norm references c.both a & b d. none of the above | both A and b |
| Goal attainment scaling is a method for evaluating a. a interview interactions between counselor and client b. interview responses by a client c. degree of accomplishment of counseling goals d. a counseling process paradigm | degree of accomplishment of counseling goals |
| A counselor in a social service agency working with economically deprived immigrants would focus on the person's most urgent need. the 1st priority would be the need for a. love b. shelter and food c.friendship d.education | shelter and food |
| Heteronomous morality are two stages in the theory of moral development developed by a. Kohlberge b. Bandura c. piaget d. erikson | Kohlberg |
| In Erikson's theory of 8 stages of human development at what stage would people most likely encounter the psychological crisis of initiative vs. guilt a. preschool b. elementary c. adolescence d. young adult | preschool |
| research on the development in a person of a humanistic life outlook has shown that this outlook is facilitated by a. formal educational experiences b. observational learning experiences c. diverse interpersonal interactions d. all of the above | all of the above |
| When individuals who are characteristically shy & withdrawn participate in assertiveness training they experience uncertainty & self-doubt counselors refer to this social-psychological concept as a. cognitive dissonance b. dissociation c. individuation | cognitive dissonance |
| A group of people living together with prescribed patterns of interdependent behavior could be best described as a a. culture b.society c. class d. cult | society |
| Which of the following does NOT influence conformity to the expected standards of behavior within a culture? a. punishment b.praise c. acceptance d. events | events |
| In counseling older adults to achieve greater life satisfaction counseling goals are more easily defined with the recognition that life satisfaction among older adults is primarily related to a. economic well being b. sexuality c. self concept d. all | all of the above |
| A specific technique for reinforcing desirable behaviors by pairing them with incompatible behaviors and incorporating principles of relaxation is a. satiation b. extinction gradient delineation c. mediation maximization d. systematic desensitization | systematic desensitization |
| Kohlberg's theory of moral development includes three progressive levels culminating is a. self actualization, wherein the individual is fully humanistic b. principled thought, wherein the individual adopts a self accepted set of standards of behavior | Principled thought, wherein the individual adopts a self accepted set of standards of behavior |
| A professional counselor determines fees for monthly consultation services on a job-by-job basis. This is an example of which of the following types of reinforcement schedules? a. variable interval b. fixed interval c. variable ratio d. fixed ratio | variable ratio |
| Competitiveness between children in the same family is known as a. sibling rivalry b. the oedipus complex c. the electra complex d. object relations | sibling rivalry |
| the best descriptor of the emotion that results when a feeling or fear is not understood by the person experiencing it is a. anxiety b. affect c. anger d. arousal | anxiety |
| A counselor who is following super's theory of career devlop, would not be surprised to learn that a person whom the counselor believed to be in the establishment stage had a. quit work b. changed careers c. sought preretirement d. been promoted | Been promoted |
| The concept of career maturity has been described and researched most extensively by a. super b. hoyt c. tiedeman d. ginzberg | super |
| Which of the following is NOT one of the four major elements in super's approach to career development? a. vocational maturity b. career patterns c. values clarification d. vocational life stages | values and clarification |
| The dictionary of occupational titles a. would not be useful in face to face counseling b. is more useful than the occupational outlook handbook c. could be useful in helping a counselee expand occupational options | could be useful in helping a counselee expand occupational options |
| Career counseling should include a. a exploration of values and attitudes b. information and factual data about counselees' resources c. recognition of counselees' needs conflict and relationships d. all of the above | all of the above |
| Counselors following Roe's theory of career development know that it is characterized by a. an emphasis on early childhood experiences b. consideration of individual needs and wishes c. clarification of individual skills and abilities d. all | all of the above |
| The counseling technique used by a counselor to explain to a client the logical inconsistencies in the client's statements is known as a. confrontation b. summarization c. paradoxical intention d. systematic desensitization | confrontation |
| In the context of the reality therapy approach to counseling, the counselor strives to achieve a counseling relationship in which the counselor assumes a ____ role in decision making relative to the client. a. superordinate b. equal c. subordinate | equal |
| Counselors who follow a behavioral counseling orientation know that its primary emphasis is the development of a. a loving counselor client relationship b. the client's awareness of subconscious feeings c. an awareness of client behavioral stimuli | an awareness of client behavioral stimuli |
| client: I just can't see myself sitting at a desk job all day counselor: you want to do outdoor work Use of active listening skills is an ex of which type of reflection error? a. depth b. language c. meaning d. implication | implication |
| "People are disturbed not by things but by the view which they take them". Quote most closely describes the counseling theory developed by a. rogers b.carkhuff c. freud d. ellis | ellis |
| The counseling technique in which the counselor intensifies the client's emotional state in order to help the client understand the irrationality of the emotional reaction is known as a.confrontation b. paradoxical intention c. reconstructing | paradoxical intention |
| A specific technique for reinforcing desirable behaviors by pairing them with incompatible behaviors and incorporating principles of relaxation is a. satiation b. extinction gradient delineation c. mediation maximization d. systematic desensitization | systematic desensitization |
| Which of the following is the LEAST important consideration for a group leader when selecting appropriate strategies to be used in the group? a. the people in group b. the leder's self knowledge c. the members' previous experience in group | the members' previous experience in groups |
| Members of a counseling group are confronting the group counselor as well as one another & in conflict. Group counselor determined group was in ____ stage of group development. a. orientation b. transition c. action d. completion | transition |
| Counselors refer to the study of person to person relationships within a group situation as a, equifinality b. homeostasis c. sociometry d. personalization | sociometry |
| Which of the following is NOT a goal of Gestalt counseling groups? a. helping individuals achieve integration b. helping group members grow up c. helping individuals accept anxiety as part of life d. all of the above | all of the above |
| A person got a score of 83 on a norm-referenced test. this means the person a. mastered 83% of material covered b. achieved a score better than 83% of those taking the test c. answered 83 questions right d. sufficient info has not been provided | sufficient info has not been provided to answer question |
| A measure that is highly reliable can be expected to a. be equivalent b. measure accurately c. give consistent results d. be specific | give consistent results |
| A client's ___ is a number that indicates how many individuals taking the same test performed worse than or equal to the client. a. norm b. percentile rank c. rank equivalent d. rest rank | percentile rank |
| If several raters report a high degree of argument in assessing a person their ratings could be characterized as having a high degree of a. validity b. identity c. discrimination d. reliability | reliability |
| A counselor administered 2 self-concepts measures to a group of subjects & found the pearson product-moment correlation between 2 tests to be 0.70. the coefficient of determination for this correlation is a. 0.21 b. 0.49 c. 0.70 d.014 | 0.49 |
| A standard deviation is a measure of a. discrepancy b. variability c. covariability d. stability | variability |
| If a theory covers a maximum of facts with a minimum of assumption it is referred to as being a. verifiable b. abstract c. concrete d. parismonious | parsimonious |
| What would be the dependent variable in the statement "a rolling stone gather no moss"? a. no b. stone c. moss d. rolling | moss |
| With which of the following types of experimental validity is the counseling researcher concerned when attempting to generalize research findings a. internal b. external c. deductive d. inductive | external |
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