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Karl Marx saw the factory as the center of conflict between society's exploiters and its exploited masses
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The scientific study of social behavior and human groups is known as
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Sociology Test 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Karl Marx saw the factory as the center of conflict between society's exploiters and its exploited masses | True |
| The scientific study of social behavior and human groups is known as | Sociology |
| Which of the following sociologists advocated basic research on the lives of Blacks? | W.E.B DuBois |
| A key element in the sociological imagination is the ability to view one's own society | as an outsider |
| Which of the following could be a manifest function of colleges? | They prepare students for post-college careers |
| A condition in which members of society have differing amounts of wealth, prestige, or power is referred to as | Social inequality |
| The concept of anomie was introduced into sociology by | Emile Durkeim |
| Which sociological perspective sees the social world as being in continual struggle? | Conflict perspective |
| Which of the following would be an example of social capital? | Powerful family--political connections |
| The discipline of sociology was given its name by the French theorist | Auguste Comte |
| Having a grandmother who sits on the board of trustees for your college and helps you gain entrance is an example of social capital. | True |
| Marx viewed the relationship between the capitalists and the exploited workers in systemic terms; that is, he believed that a system of ________ relationships maintained the power and dominance of the owners over the workers. | economic, social, and political |
| Which sociological perspective would view society as a living organism in which each part of the organism contributes to its survival and stability? | Functionalist perspective |
| Émile Durkheim is known for his classic sociological study of | Suicide |
| The body of knowledge obtained using methods based upon systematic observation is called a(n) | science |
| Applied sociology is dedicated to facilitating change by altering social relationships or restructuring social institutions. | False |
| Anomie refers to a | loss of direction that is felt in a society when social control of individual behavior has become ineffective. |
| Which of the following subject areas is an example of a natural science? | astronomy |
| Which of the following statements is true?1. There are no established procedures for certifying clinical sociologists.2. Applied and clinical sociology are the same. 3 Clinical sociologists take direct responsibility for implementing their ideas. | Clinical sociologists take direct responsibility for implementing their ideas. |
| What concept did DuBois develop to describe the experience of being Black in White America—a division of an individual's identity into two or more social realities? | Double consciousness |
| A study, generally in the form of an interview or a questionnaire, that provides sociologists with information concerning how people think or act is known as | A survey |
| A speculative statement about the relationship between two or more variables is known as a | Hypothesis |
| Which sociological perspective would most likely suggest that education is necessary for people to earn more money and advance in society for the purpose of social stability? | functionalist perspective |
| Selection of a research design will influence both the cost of a research project and the amount of time needed to collect the results of the research. | True |
| When a researcher collects information about a group through direct involvement and inspection, this is known as | observation |
| A variable is | a measurable trait or characteristic that is subject to change under different conditions. |
| The variable that is hypothesized to cause or influence another variable is referred to by social scientists as a(n) | independent variable |
| After a sociologist reviews the literature, what is the next step in the process? | to create a hypothesis |
| Income, religion, race, gender, and marital status can all be examples of | variables |
| An operational definition is | an explanation of an abstract concept that is specific enough to allow a researcher to measure the concept. |
| Correlations are an indication that causality is always present. | False |
| Validity refers to the degree to which a measure or scale truly reflects the phenomenon under study. | True |
| A research design is a(n) | detailed plan or method for scientifically obtaining data. |
| Validity refers to | the accurate measurement of the phenomenon under study. |
| The relationship between two variables whereby a change in one coincides with a change in the other is known as a(n) | correlation |
| The code of ethics for the discipline of sociology was developed by | the American Sociology Association |
| Sociologists conduct a "review of the literature" to | 1. Refine the problem under study 2. Eliminate or reduce the number of avoidable mistakes they make 3.Clarify possible techniques to be used in collecting date |
| All research designs have positives and negatives associated with them. | true |
| In which type of sample does each member of the entire population being studied have the same chance of being selected? | random sample |
| Ethnography is the most common form of ________ research, which relies on what is seen in the field and in naturalistic settings more than it does on statistical data. | qualitative |
| Which of the following concepts employs the kind of value neutrality in scientific study that Max Weber saw as being so important? | cultural relativism |
| Facing forward in an elevator can be considered a(n) | informal norm |
| Nonmaterial culture | is less resistant to change than material culture. |
| In his research, George Murdock determined which of the following to be a cultural universal? | funeral ceremonies |
| Mores are | norms that are deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society. |
| The totality of learned, socially transmitted customs, knowledge, material objects, and behavior is known as | culture |
| Informal norms are | norms governing everyday social behavior, the violation of which raises comparatively little concern |
| An abstract system of word meanings and symbols for all aspects of culture is called | language |
| A law is | a form of governmental social control |
| Sanctions can be positive or negative. | True |
| Severe sanctions serve to punish those who violate informal norms. | False |
| Discovery is the | process of making known or sharing the existence of an aspect of reality. |
| Which of the following is argued by the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis? | Language precedes thought. |
| Norms governing everyday behavior, the violation of which raises comparatively little concern, are known as | folkways. |
| Ethnocentrism is the tendency to assume that one's own culture and way of life represent the norm or are superior to all others. Therefore, ethnocentrism fosters cohesion in a group. This observation would best reflect which sociological perspective? | functionalist perspective |
| The tendency to assume that one's own culture and way of life represent the norm or are superior to all others is called | ethnocentrism |
| What term refers to the polarization of society over controversial cultural elements such as abortion, religious expression, gun control, and sexual orientation? | cultural war |
| The concept of ethnocentrism was originally formulated by | William Graham Sumner. |
| Funerals are found in every culture and thus are a cultural universal. | True |
| A subculture is | a segment of society that shares a distinctive pattern of mores, folkways, and values that differs from the larger group. |
| Which social scientist believed that people are in constant conflict between their natural impulsive instincts and societal constraints? | Sigmund Freud |
| Becky has a toy vacuum. She often pushes it around the living room. Becky is in the | Preparatory stage |
| In the nature versus nurture debate, most social scientists maintain that "nurture" is considerably more important than "nature." | False |
| Sara takes her four-year-old brother Matt to a carnival for the first time. They decide to ride the merry-go-round. Matt runs to the front of the line. His sister pulls him back and explains they have to stand in line. This is an example of | Socialization |
| In the nature versus nurture debate, which position do social scientists take? | It is the interaction between environmental factors and biological inheritance that is important in human development. |
| The self is the | distinct identity that sets us apart from others. |
| According to the concept of the looking-glass self, development of one's self-identity based on misperceptions may lead to | a negative self-identity. |
| Which of the following is an example of a symbol? | A hug, A coca-cola bottle, a frown. All of these answers are correct |
| The second stage of development in George Herbert Mead's model is the game stage. | False |
| A retirement party, a high-school graduation party, and a confirmation party are all examples of | rites of passage. |
| Socialization is the process | whereby people learn the attitudes, values, and actions appropriate to individuals as members of a particular culture. |
| Which sociologist suggested that during the second stage of development, children become capable of assuming the perspective of another and are thereby able to respond from that imagined viewpoint? | George Herbert Mead |
| The term significant others is | George Herbert Mead's term for those individuals who are most important in the development of the self. |
| Education, religion, and the government all impact an individual's socialization. | True |
| The process of mentally assuming the perspective of another, thereby enabling one to respond from that imagined viewpoint, is known as | Role taking |
| The dramaturgical approach is | a view of social interaction in which people are seen as theatrical performers. |
| According to George Herbert Mead's stages of the self, the preparatory stage occurs when | children imitate the people around them, particularly family members. |
| Charles Horton Cooley is responsible for developing the concept of | the looking-glass self. |
| Rites of passage are | rituals marking the symbolic transition from one social position to another. |
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ashley_lingle