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Chem 142Q-chapter 12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| molarity (M) | moles of solute/liters of soln |
| molality (m) | moles of solute/kg of solvent |
| mole fraction | moles of solute/total moles of soln |
| parts by mass (/million; /billion) | ppm: 10^6 ppb: 10^9 |
| what will cause solubility to increase (gas)? | DECREASE temp, INCREASE pressure (think of soda) |
| Henry's Law (only applies to pressure on gas solubility) | Concentration (gas)((mol/L)=M) = kH(Henry's constant)(mol/L*atm) * Pressure (gas; if multiple gases present, partial pressure of gas 'x' )(in atm) [c=kP] |
| Raoult's Law | Pressure (solvent/soln) = mole fraction (solute or solvent/soln) * total partial pressure (P^o) |
| Ex: Calculate VP of a solution at 70oC prepared by dissolving 5.00 grams of glucose (c6h12o6) in 100.g of water (Pressure of h20= 233.7 torr at 70oC) | 5.00 g C6h12o6 * (1mol/ 180.12 g) = .0278 mol c6h12o6 100g h20 * (1mol/18.01g) = 5.55 mol [5.55 mol (h2o)/ 5.778 mol (soln)] * 233.7 torr (pressure of H20) = 233. Torr (ANS) |
| saturated solution | contains max amt of solute that will dissolve in a solvent at a given temp |
| unsaturated soln | contains less solute than its capacity to dissolve |
| supersaturated soln | contains more solute than is present in a saturated soln |
| crystallization | process in which dissolved solute comes out of solution and forms crystals |
| if solute-solvent attraction > solvent-solvent or solute-solute attraction, the reaction is ________ | exothermic b/c forming bonds |
| if solute-solvent attraction < solvent-solvent or solute-solute attraction, the reaction is ________ | endothermic b/c breaking bonds |
| how does an increase in solubility affect disorder? | increase solubility, increase disorder |
| Miscible | when two liquids are completely soluble in each other in all proportions |
| fractional crystallization | separation of a mixture of substances into pure components on the basis of their differing solubilities |
| boiling pt elevation | PB of soln - PB of pure solvent Tb1 - Tb2 =kb*molality -solute must be nonvolatile |
| freezing point depression | Tf1-Tf2 = tf*molality -E must be removed from system |
| osmotic pressure | the pressure exerted to stop osmosis affected by temperature pi= MRT |
| van't hoff factor (i) | # of particles in soln after diss./# of formula units in original soln |
| electrolyte | can dissociate into charged particles |
Created by:
mecjohson
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