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Chapter 36 Review
Lab Exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Urine-forming structure of the kidney | nephron |
| Region of the kidney deep to cortex, contains collecting duct | renal medulla |
| Extensions of renal cortex found in between renal pyramids | renal pullucs |
| Urine flowing through this structure drains into a minor calyx | capillary duct |
| Located between renal fascia and renal capsule | adipose capsule |
| Apex of renal pyramid | renal papillae |
| Urine flowing through this structure drains into the renal pelvis | major calyx |
| Vertical fissure in concave surface of kidney through which blood vessels and ureters pass | renal hyter |
| Covers outer surface of kidney | renal capsule |
| Dense irregular connective tissue that covers the adipose capsule and attaches the kidney to the abdominal wall | renal fasciae |
| Receives urine from the major calyces | renal pelvis |
| Space within kidney that is adjacent to renal medulla, contains calyces and renal pelvis | renal sinus |
| Cup-like structure that is located in renal sinus that receives urine from openings of papillary ducts | minor calyx |
| Cone-shaped structures located within the renal medulla | renal pyramid |
| Outermost region of the kidney, contains renal corpuscles | renal cortex |
| Detrusor muscle is the main muscle for this structure | urinary bladder |
| Region of male urethra that passes through the prostate gland | prostatic |
| Two openings in posterior urinary bladder wall | uretal opening |
| Region of male urethra that passes through penis | spongy urethra |
| Voluntary skeletal muscle in urogenital diaphragm that allows passage of urine to exterior of body | external urethral sphincter |
| Carries urine from renal pelvis to urinary bladder | ureter |
| Urine is excreted through this opening | external urethral orifice |
| Circular smooth muscle that involuntarily controls passage of urine from the urinary bladder to the urethra | internal urethral sphincter |
| Anterior opening in urinary bladder that leads into urethra | internal urethral orifice |
| Region of male urethra that passes through urogenital diaphragm | membranous urethra |
| Blood vessel that delivers blood to glomerulus | afferent arteriole |
| Blood from the efferent arteriole flows into this capillary bed | peritubular capillary network |
| Structure that surrounds glomerulus and collects filtrate | glomerual capsule |
| Section of renal tubule that descends into medulla | loop of henle |
| Capillary network within the renal corpuscle | glomerula |
| Structure composed of glomerulus and glomerular capsule | renal capsule |
| Blood vessel that drains blood from glomerulus | efferent arteriole |
| Large molecules resulting from anabolism | macromolecule |
| A biological catalyst | enzyme |
| The molecule acted on by an enzyme | substrate |
| Process that happens to nutrients after digestion | absorption |
| Enzyme that hydrolyzes lipid | lipase |
| Enzyme that hydrolyzes protein | protease |
| Enzyme that hydrolyzes carbohydrates | amylase |
| The molecule produced as a result of an enzymatic process | product |
| Proteins are hydrolyzed into and absorbed as | amino acids |
| Lipids are hydrolyzed into and absorbed as | fatty acids and monoglycerides/glycerol |
| Carbohydrates are hydrolyzed into and absorbed as | monosaccarides |
| Carbohydrate digestion begins in the | mouth |
| Bile salts prepare lipids for digestion by a process called | emulsification |
| Lipid digestion begins in the | stomach |
| Protein digestion begins in the | stomach |
| The reagent used to test for the presence of starch was | lugol’s |
| The reagent used to test for the presence of simple sugar was | benedict’s |
| The three food macromolecules digested in our GI tract are | sugar, fats, and proteins |
| Why were there 2 tubes in Activity 1 that had no enzyme added to them? | control |
| The enzymes that digest carbohydrates work best at a(n) | 7.4 alkalinic pH. |
| The reason why we chew food (and crumbled the cracker in Activity 1) is to | increase surface area for enzymes to attack it |
| A positive test for the presence of sugar is indicated by the colors | green, orange, red (benedict’s) |
| A positive test for the presence of starch is indicated by the colors | black (lugol’s) |
| Enzymes that digest carbohydrates | Small intestine with brush border enzymes, salivary amylase, pancreatic amylase |
| 3 organs where lipid digestion occurs | stomach, pancreas, bile from liver |
| Enzymes that digest proteins are produced by what organs? | stomach, pancreas, small intestine |
| Bulimics ruin dentin of their teeth, why? | stomach acid |
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pugleee