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Unit 9- China
Ancient China and Geography
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Dynasty | Family of rulers |
| Paper | Chinese invention during Han Dynast7 |
| Huang He | AKA Yellow River, higher north, where China's first civilization settled |
| Yangtze | AKA Chang Jiang, below Yellow River |
| Himalayas | Very large mountain range to the south of China, protected China, provide water for rivers from snow |
| Plateau of Tibet | Highest plateau in the world, just north of the Himalayas |
| Taklamakan | Large desert to north-west of China, protected China from invaders |
| Gobi | Large desert to the north of China, protected China from invaders |
| Pacific Ocean | Ocean to the east of China, protected China from invaders |
| Steppes and Deserts | Protected China from invaders in the north and west |
| Mandate of Heaven | The idea that gives a Chinese emperor the right to rule. The rulers are chosen by the heavens. If the gods are happy, rulers remain. If gods are unhappy, people can overthrow their ruler. |
| Confucianism | Teachings of Confucius, written in the Analects, restored order after Zhou and Warring States, still used today in China, all about respecting relationships, order, and structure |
| Han | Golden Age of China, 206 BCE to 220 CE, began Civil Service Exam, traded silk, invented paper |
| Zhou | Longest dynasty, 1045-221 BCE, overthrew Shang because of peasant unrest, develop irrigation, flood control, grow lots of food, begin using silk, Confucius is born |
| Shang | First Dynasty, bronze work, most people were farmers, traders, or artisans |
| Qin | China named after, fist emperor (Qin), unified China, standardized currency, roads, measurement, shortest dynasty, |
| Beijing | Capital of China |
| Ancient Chinese Social Structure | Shaped like a pyramid, Emperor at top, then kings and nobles, then government officials, scholars, and teachers, then farmers, and then laborers, craft workers, and hired specialists, finally slaves. Merchants were often considered parasites by the upper |
| Chinese Inventions | Water wheels, rudders, sails, paper, gun powder, fireworks, steel |
| Chinese Writing | not an alphabet, symbols stand for words, has not changed since ancient times |
| Extended Family | Large families who live together in Chinese culutre |
| Arable | Farmable, only 10% of China's land is arable |
| Terrace Farming | Farming on steppe-like levels to make the most of the terrain, adaptation to lack of arable land in China |
| Rice | #1 crop of China |
| Double crop | Growing two crops in one year |
| Shang Contributions | cities, writing, Bronze work |
| Qin Contributions | Terra Cotta Soldiers, 1st Great Wall, Unified China and standardized language, currency, roads, etc. |
| Ming Contributions | Great Wall (finished it), Forbidden City (Imperial Palace), exploration and naval dominance |
| Chinese Writing | pictorial language, ideas not sounds, uses characters |
| First Writing | Shang |
| Adopted Legalism | Qin |
| Legalism | -humans are born evil by nature, needs laws and strict punishments |
| Brings back Confucianuism and why | Han Dynasty to restore order |
| Civil Service Exam | Created during the Han Dynasty, exam on Confucius Analects to be anything other than a farmer |
| Confucianism | not religion, people have a duty to respect others, elders, leaders. All about order and conducting oneself well. |
| Silk Road | Established to open trade with China to outsiders, used Qin Roads, brought China out of isolation by opening them up to outside traders |
| Items of trade on Silk Road | Silk, porcelain, tea, spices, horses, disease, culture, religion, language, gems |
| Great Wall | Built to keep invaders out |
| John Hay | US Secretary of State, 1899, created the Open Door Policy which protected China and gave equal access to all nations for trade |
| Tai Ping Rebellion | Led by Hong Xiuquan (Jesus' younger brother), peasant revolt, wanted social reforms, like land redistribution and women's rights, 20 million die, Europeans help, government wins |
| Boxer Rebellion | "Destroy the Foreigner", 20,000 British, French, German, Russian, American, and Japanese die, Society of the Harmonious Fists, China has to pay for damages |
| Treaty of Nanjing or Nanking | Result of Opium War, Chinese lost war, had to sign, had to pay for war, open to more foreign trade |
| Treaty of Tianjin | Result of Taiping Rebellion, Chinese forced to sign, legalizes opium, opens China to more foreign trade |
| Roof of the World | Plateau of Tibet |
| Toaism | Follow the tao, go with the flow, inaction rather than action, nature |
| Marco Polo | Italian trader on the Silk Road. Introduced Europe to many of China's goods |
| Yuan | The only non-Chinese dynasty, Mongolian, led by Kublai Khan |
| Taoism | Philosophy that encourages retreat, going with the flow, inaction, and balance (yin and Yang) |
| "Lose your Hair, Lose your Head" | Manchurian culture encouraged honor by cutting off your hair if you lost your honor. |
| Kublai Khan | Genghis Khan's grandson. Lead the Yuan dynasty |
| Grand Canal | Canal made by the Sui Dynasty to increase trade and travel |
Created by:
Ms. Shannon