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GCSE5 crude oil
AQA GCSE chapter 09 crude oil
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is a HydroCarbon? | A COMPOUND of Hydrogen and Carbon ONLY, JOINED TOGETHER |
| What is the formula for Methane? | CH4 |
| Which Hydrocarbons are the most flammable? long chains or short chains? | The ones with short chains of Carbon |
| What is Kerosene used for? | Fuel for airplanes |
| How do we separate the different fractions of crude oil? | Fractional Distillation |
| What is bitumen used for? | To put on roads |
| Which fraction is the most viscous? | Fuel Oil |
| The gases fraction contains chains of carbons. How long are the chains? | 1 to 4 Carbon atoms |
| Ch4 is the formula for a member of which family? | Alkane |
| C2H4 is the name of which compound? | Ethane |
| What is the formula for Propane? | C3H8 |
| What is the formula for Propene? | C3H6 |
| Which type of Hydrocarbons will make Bromine Water change colour? | Alkenes |
| What is the reaction where a long chain alkane breaks down into a shorter chain alkane and an Alkene? | Cracking |
| Which compounds are saturated? | Alkanes |
| Which compounds are unsaturated? | Alkenes |
| How do you draw an AlkAne? | Draw the correct number of carbons in a chain; join them with single links; draw links so that each Carbon has FOUR links (no more, no less) |
| How do you draw an AlkEne? | Draw the correct number of carbons in a chain; join TWO carbons with a DOUBLE link; join the other carbons with single links; draw links so that each Carbon has FOUR links (no more, no less) |
| What is the mnemotechnic to remember that AlkEnes are Unsaturated? | DEUX: Double Ene Unsaturated X (no more colour) |
| What is the chemical test to distinguish between AlkAne and AlkEne? | Bromine water stays ORANGE with an alkane; but goes from Orange to COLOURLESS with an AlkEne |
| Explain how fractional distillation works | crude oil is heated to 350°C; crude oil boil;the VAPOURS cool as it rises up the tower; VAPOURS condense at different levels according to the size of the molecules: the smaller molecules have LOWER boiling point and condense at TOP of tower |
| Describe the cracking procedure (experiment) | VAPOURS of an AlkAne are passed over a HOT CATALYST |
| Write the equation for Decane (C10H22) being cracked into Ethene (C2H4) and a smaller Alkane | C10H22 --> C2H4 + C8H18; the number of carbon must be the same on both sides of the arrow |
| Decane (C10H22) can be cracked into 2 EthEne molecules and an AlkAne. What is the formula of the AlkAne? | Write the equation C10H22 --> C2H4 + C2H4 + C6H14; the number of carbon must be the same on both sides of the arrow; The alkane is C6H14 |
| Explain why we need to crack long chain alkAnes | To get smaller molecules that are more USEFUL (more flammable) and more in DEMAND |
| What is crude oil? | mixture of hydrocarbons |
| What is a hydrocarbon? | a compound of hydrogen and carbon ONLY |
| How is crude oil formed? | 1) millions of year ago; 2) plankton; 3)covered by sand 4)no oxygen 5)heat and pressure |
| What is fractional distillation used for? | separating crude oil into fractions |
| Describe the procedure (how it works) | heat; to boil most of the crude oil; smaller alkanes will condense at lower temperature, higher tower |
| What are the names and structures of the first four alkanes found in the fraction of the Natural Gas? | MethAne, EthAne, PropAne, ButAne |
| What are the properties of fraction found at the top of the tower? | at the top, you find small molecules, easy to bbpc, (Boil, Burn Pour Colour), easy to ffvc (Fluid, Flammable, Volatile, Colour); you must use the ffvc words in the exam |
| What is cracking used for? | breaking down long alkanes into smaller alkanes and an alkene; smaller alkanes are more in demand and more useful (more flammable) |
| What kind of chemical reaction is cracking? | thermal decomposition |
| How do we know that smaller Alkanes have been produced? | more flammable |
| How do we know that a different kind of chemical (AlkEnes) have been produced? (what is the chemical test?) | 1)bromine goes from 2) orange to 3)colourless |
| What are the two methods to crack long chain alkanes? | |
| What is the equation for the cracking of Octane C8H18 into Ethene and one other molecule? | C8H18 C2H4+C6H14; 1) LEARN your formulae: EthEne is C2H4; 2) work out the formula of the “other” product by balancing the number of carbons and hydrogen |
| What is the equation for the cracking of Octane C8H18 into Butane and one other molecule? | C8H18 C4H10+C4H8; 1) LEARN your formulae: EthEne is C2H4; 2) work out the formula of the “other” product by balancing the number of carbons and hydrogen |
| What is the difference between complete and incomplete combustion? | incomplete=not enough oxygen |
| What is the equation for the complete combustion of propane? | C3H8+ 5O2 3CO2 + 4H2O; WORD then FORMULAE then BALANCE! |
| What is the equation for the incomplete combustion of ethane? | 2 C2H6+ 5 O2 4CO + 6H2O |
| Why is incomplete combustion dangerous? | carbon monoxide binds to haemoglobin; so the haemoglobin can not carry oxygen to the muscles anymore |
Created by:
ursulinechem2
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