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AP Gov: Chapter 10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Interest group | organizations of people who share common political beliefs and aim to influence policies by electioneering and lobbying |
| Lobbying | efforts to influence public policy through contact with public officials on behalf of an interest group |
| Interest Group Vs. Political | 1) Parties run canidates 2) Guaranteed position on ballots 3)Elected members have direct influence |
| Pluralism | interest group are vital part of the country |
| Interest group state | when policies need to be made; a gov't in which most policy decisions are determined by the influence of interest groups |
| Congress and Lobbying rule | Congress workers who become lobbyists can't loby their previous offices for 1 year |
| PACS and Interest Groups | They are not the same, Interest groups have PACS |
| Which kind of interest groups are more powerful and more likely to influence policies? | The wealthiest ones |
| Centralized groups | groups lobbying decisions are made at the headquarters by the group leaders |
| Confederations | interest groups made of their funding and hold most of the power; not really an interest group; independent |
| Staff | 1) experts on policy making 2) people with gov't connections |
| Revolving Door | lobbyist then gov't job or vise versa |
| mass associations | money by donating, endorce canidates, lobbyists, inform what they do |
| peak associations | based on a business decision, can't join, big organization |
| Important resources for an interest group | 1) people 2) expertise (write bills) 3) money |
| Headquarters in DC mean... | They have more access and they are more powerful |
| economic groups | a tyoe of interest group that seeks public policies that will provide monetary benefit to it's members |
| free riding | people who get away with not helping/participating |
| Why is it hard to motivate people to work for the change? | Because governmental changes to polices affect everyone whether they worked for the change or not |
| solitary benefits | satisfaction derived from expierence of working w/like - minded people |
| purposive benefits | benefits working towards a policy |
| coercion | tatics to get rid of free riding problems |
| slective benefits | people who work/participate get the benefits |
| inside stratigies | tatics employed with DC |
| outside startigies | taticcs employed outside of DC |
| direct lobbying | interest group staff to influence policy by talking to elected officials |
| astroturf lobbying | lobbying method designed to look like the spontaneous, independent participation of many individuals |
| grassroots lobbying | lobbying strategy that relies on participation by group members |
| 4 reasons why lobbying is not successful | 1) lobby friends not opponents 2) complaints from loosing sides 3) Claim success for what they didn't do 4) interest group in opposition |
| initiative | direct vote on policy by citzens proposed by non-gov't organizations |
| referendums | direct vote on policy by citizens proposed by legislature or other gov't body |
| trade association | an interest group composed of companies in the same business or industry that lobbies for policies that benefit members of the group |
| media contacts | 1) social media 2) journalists 3) websites 4) TV 5) news |
| Theory of bureacratic capture | regulator can be persuaded by industries they're supposed to regulate |
| 527 Organization | tax-exempt group to influence elections through voter mobilization efforts |
| 501(c)(3)organization | tax code classification that applies to most interest groups |
| salience | level of familiarity w/interest group's goals among general population |
| collective action problem | situation in which the members of a group would benefit by working together to produce some outcome |
| interest groups are more likely to succeed when... | their request has low salience , or attracts little public attention |
| When the average voter doesn't know or care about a groups request??? | They are more likely to give in to the group bc there will be no consequences |
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