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Age of Enlightenment
WH Age of Enlightenment Study Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What theory says that the sun is the center of the universe? | Heliocentric |
| What does Boyle's law say about increasing pressure upon gas? | increasing the pressure upon gas reduces its volume |
| Who proposed the heliocentric theory? | Copernicus |
| What is not true concerning the 18th century philosophies? | they respected church tradition |
| What is true concerning the 18th century philosophies? | they hoped to conform society to their ideas, they challenged values of society, they encouraged religious toleration. |
| Did Versalius disprove the idea that the heart contains a bone? | yes |
| Who discovered the chemical substance of ammonia, oxygen, and carbon dioxide? | Priestley |
| Who developed a map projection which is now named after him? | Mercator |
| What was the name of the eighteenth-century intellectual movement? | Enlightenment |
| What was the social contract that maintained the "general will"? | Majority Rule |
| He was an English physician who figured out and recorded how blood was pumped throughout the whole body by the heart. | William Harvey |
| What was the cheif means for spreading the ideas of the philosophies? | The encyclopedia |
| What scientist greatly improved the microscope? | Leeuwenhoek |
| What is reasoning from specific cases to a general conclusion called? | Inductive reasoning |
| Who established the use of chemicals to treat disease? | Paracelsus |
| Who believed that man is basically good and that his experiences shape his life? | John Locke |
| Who invented an improvised telescope? | Galileo |
| Who was threatened by the catholic church to excommunicate him for his heliocentric theory? | Galileo |
| What theory says that the earth is the center of the universe? | Geocentric |
| Which german astronomer proved that the orbits of planets are elliptical? | Kepler |
| Who developed inductive reasoning? | Francis Bacon |
| What medieval practice developed modern concepts of chemistry? | Alchemy |
| Who developed smallpox vaccinations by using fluid from Cow Pox? | Edward Jenner |
| Who wrote the principia, invented the reflecting telescope, and came up with the laws of gravity? | Isaac Newton |
| Who used the pendulum to measure time? | Galileo |
| (true/false): The modern concepts of chemistry developed from the medieval art of mixing elixirs and potions. | True |
| The framers of the US constitution borrowed which idea from Montesquieu? | Separation of powers |
| What french philosopher invented the Cartesian coordinate system? | Rene Descartes |
| Which theory did the Roman Catholic church support? | Geocentric theory |
| What method inferred that you should gather info, find a patter in the observations, and choose an appropriate conclusion to explain observations? | The scientific method |
| What was the first country to limit a king's power with parliament? | England |
| Who wrote the book Leviathon and said that life without a strong ruler would be nasty, brutish, and short? | Hobbes |
| Who urged women to enter politics and argued for women's rights? | Wollstonecraft |
| What group must the King of England share power with? | Parliament |
| What french philospher used satire to push freedom of speech? | Voltaire |
| Italian astronomer who used a telescope to prove theories. | Galileo |
| Heliocentric theory says that this is at the center of the universe? | Sun |
| Where did people gather to talk during the enlightenment? | Salons |
| What composer of music went deaf? | Beethoven |
| Who was the enlightenment age composer of "The Marriage of Figaro"? | Mozart |
| Who was a French Romantic painter? | Delacroix |
| Who wrote the American declaration of independence based on enlightenment ideas? | Jefferson |
| Who wrote on the spirit of laws about checks and balances? | Montesauieu |
| Who came up with the theory of gravity? | Newton |
| What philosopher from England said all people have the right to life, liberty, and the property? | Locke |
| Who wrote the Social Contract about the agreement between society and its government? | Rousseau |
| Who wrote the first European novel (Don Quixote)? | Cervantes |
| Which Prussian ruler who allowed religious freedom? | Frederick the great |
| Who was the empress of Russia who allowed religious toleration and abolished torture? | Catherine the great |
| Who from France composed the first encyclopedia? | Diderote |
| What Italian Philosopher wrote against torture and the death penalty? | Beccaria |
| Locke influenced the French Revolution when he argued against....? | Absolute Monarchy |
| Who led a successful revolution against French rule in Haiti? | Toussainnt L' Ouverture |
| Where did the age of enlightenment begin? | Europe |
| Laissez Faire | It is a government policy in which government does not directly get involved in dealing with businesses and trade, but it creates an environment that is beneficial for business activities. |
| Baroque | Comes from the Portuguese word meaning, “an irregularly shaped pearl.” It refers to the history in art ranging from 1600 to 1750. The style was grand, dynamic and emotional. This style began as an architectural style then spread into other art forms |
| Natural Laws | It is the belief that people should live their lives and run society based on rules and laws founded by God and nature. |
| Popular Sovereignty | The government had to do what the people wanted. |
| Enlightened Despotism | It is a form of government that was around in 18th century in which monarchs made many social and political reforms that were inspired by Enlightenment ideas. |
| Four Main Enlightenment Ideas | 1. Freedom of Speech 2. Freedom of Religion 3. Women's Equality 4. Natural Rights |
| Two Treatises on Government (John Locke) | This book talks about how all men have the rights to life, liberty and property. It also argues that people have the right to rebel against their ruler if the ruler is unfit to rule. |
| The Spirit of Laws (Montesquieu) | argues that freedom is doing whatever the law permits, not whatever an individual wants to do. He also says that the definition of political freedom is obedience to the law. |
| Beethoven | He was a German composer. His early works reflected classical styles, but his later works reflected the growing trend of romanticism music. He is one of the most influential and famous composers of all time. |
| Johann Sebastian Bach | German composer, organist and violinist of the Baroque Period. Wrote 200+ cantatas and oratorios for Lutheran Church. Work was not recognized till years after his death. His music is known for intellectual depth, technical command and artistic beauty. |
| Fransisco Goya | Was a Spanish romantic painter that created many painting with much violence. His unique style marked the beginning of the 19th century realism era in painting. He is the last Old Masters and the first modern. He was a court painter for the Spanish Crown. |
| Wolfgang Mozart | Many of Mozart's Operas, symphonies and other pieces are still played today and considered classics. His works helped popularize the piano. He is one of the most popular classical composers. He had a great influence on Western art music. |
| Isaac Newton | He was an English physicist, mathematician, and astronomer who is known as the greatest scientist to ever live. He is known for recording things such as the Laws of Gravity. |
| Galileo | He was an Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher who is best known for improving the telescope and helping support the heliocentric theory. |
| Kepler | He was a German astronomer and astrologer who was a key figure in the scientific revolution of the 17th century. He is known for his laws of planetary motion. |
| Copernicus | He was a Polish astronomer who was the first person to prove that the universe was heliocentric, which means that the universe revolves around the sun, not the earth. |
Created by:
Crayford