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Mexico's history
Know these names and terms from our video series about Mexico's history.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Hacendados | Wealthy Mexican landowners |
| Padre Miguel Hidalgo | Began the movement for Mexican Independence in 1810 |
| Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna | President of Mexico during the Mexican American War |
| Benito Juarez | Mexico's first Indian president, 1858- 1872 |
| Manifest Destiny | The American idea that it was our right and destiny to expand westward to the Pacific |
| Napoleon III | The French leader who invaded Mexico in 1862 |
| Maximilian | Austrian relative of Napoleon III who was installed as Mexico's emperor in 1864 |
| Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo | Ended the Mexican American War on February 2, 1848, gave the U.S. approximately 1/2 of Mexico |
| Porfirio Diaz | Mexico's president/dictator from 1876- 1911, known for modernizing Mexico and oppressing the poor |
| Rurales | Porfirio Diaz' police force |
| Francisco Madero | Ran against Porfirio Diaz in the 1910 elections, then called for a revolution to fight for "Land and Liberty" |
| Tierra y Libertad | The "lema" of Francisco Madero |
| Pancho Villa | A leader of the Mexican Revolution from the north, an outlaw whose real name was Doroteo Arango |
| Emiliano Zapata | A leader of the Mexican Revolution from the south who fought for land reform |
| PRI | Mexico's main political party |
| 1810 | Father Hidalgo started the movement for independence from Spain |
| 1910 | Francisco Madero ran against Porfirio Diaz for president. The election was a fraud. |
| Agustin de Iturbide | Mexico's first emperor after winning its independence |
| criollo | someone born in Mexico to Spanish parents |
| mestizo | someone with mixed Spanish and Indian parents or ancestors |
| peninsular | someone born in Spain to Spanish parents |
| el Grito de Dolores | Father Hidalgo's "lema" |
| Porfiriato | The time that Diaz was president is referred to as this. |
| Tenochtitlan | The city built by the Aztecs, now Mexico City |
| Huizlilipochtitli | The Aztec god of the sun and war |
| 1519 | The year Hernan Cortes invaded Mexico |
| Tlaxcala tribe | Indians who helped to conquer the Aztec city of Tenochtitlan |
| Constitution of 1917 | created a government with three branches, similar to that of the US |
| Soldadera | a female soldier of the Revolution of 1910 |
| Victoriano Huerta | The leader of the palace guards who had Francisco Madero and his VP shot, then took over as president of Mexico |
| General Scott | American general who invaded Mexico City |
| 5 de mayo | the date when the French were defeated at Puebla in 1862 |
| James Polk | The American president during the Mexican American war, famous for his support of the idea of Manifest Destiny |
| Remember the Alamo | An American grito meant to gain support for the annexation and Independence of Texas |
| 20 de noviembre | The date recognized as the beginning of the Revolucion of 1910 |
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