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animal genetics

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TermDefinition
heredity genetic transmission of characteristics from parent to offspring
gene basic physical unit of heredity consisting of a DNA sequence at a specific location on a chromosome
DNA deoxyrbionucleic acid; molecule which forms from the genetic code
chromosome one of a number of long strands of DNA and associated proteins present in the nucleus of every cell
centromere most condensed and constricted region of a chromosome to which the spindle fiber is attached during cell division
homologs one pair of chromosomes having corresponding loci
locus specific location of a gene on a chromosome
allele alternative form of a gene
gamete sex cell; sperm or egg
haploid having only one homolog chromosomes and located in sex cells
diploid having a complete pair of chromosomes and located in body cells
homozygous one-locus genotype containing functionally identical genes
heterozygous One-locus genotype containing functionally different genes
Nucleotides Any various compounds consisting of a nucleotide combined with a phosphate group and forming the basic constituent of DNA and RNA
Mitosis Process of body cell formation through cell division
Meiosis Process of sex cell formation through cell division
Chromatids Either of the two daughter strands of a replicated chromosome that are joined by a single Centromere and separate during cell division to become individual chromosomes
Metaphase Plate Center of the cell, where chromosomes align preparing to split during metaphase
Primordial German Cells Sexual reproduction cell in the first stages of development
Tetrad Group of four synapsed chromatids that become visible during the meiotic prophase
Phenotype Expression of a specific trait determined by both genetic makeup and environmental influences
Genotype Combination of genes at a single loci
Punnett Square Two-dimensional grid used to determine the possible zygotes obtainable from two parents
Zygote Cell formed from the union of male and female gametes
Complete Dominance Physical expression the heterozygote is identical to the physical all expression of the homozygous dominant genotype
Qualitative Inheritance Inheritance of a character that differs in its expression amongst individuals of a species
Quantitative Inheritance Inheritance of character that depends upon the cumulative action of my genes, each of which produces only a small effect
Heterosis Marked vigor or capacity for growth often exhibited by crossbred animals; hybrid vigor
Mutations Any event that changes genetic structure; any alteration in the inherited nucleic acid sequence of the genotype
Cell Differentiation Process by which a cell becomeservice a more specialized cell; an example would be a muscle cell
Created by: at0620
 

 



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