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Protein Synthesis
Protein Synthesis Study Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The synthesis of proteins is called ________ | translation |
| In what part of the cell does translation occur? | cytoplasm |
| In what part of the cell are proteins made? | ribosome and rough ER (cytoplasm) |
| The instructions for making proteins are contained in the _______ | DNA |
| These instructions for making the proteins is carried out to the cytoplasm by ______ | mRNA |
| What are the building blocks of proteins? | amino acids |
| Changes in the genetic material of a cell are called ________ | mutations |
| A sequence of three nitrogen bases that is the code for one amino acid | codon |
| What name is given to three nitrogen bases at one end of a tRNA tat is complimentary to the codons on mRNA. | anticodon |
| This brings amino acids to the ribosome to form the protein | tRNA |
| This type of RNA makes up the ribosomsal subunits | rRNA |
| How many different codons are possible? | 64 |
| How many codons are codes for amino acids? | 60 |
| How many different amino acids are there? | 20 |
| What are the messenger RNA codons for phenylalanine? | UUU and UUC |
| What is the sequence for the codon that is always the first "start" codon on the mRNA? | AUG |
| What is the codon sequence for the three"stop" codons? | UAA, UAG and UGA |
| What does "RNA" stand for? | Ribonucleic Acid |
| What type of sugar is found in RNA? | ribose |
| Which nitrogen base will not be fond in RNA? | thymine |
| Which nitrogen base is found in RNA, but not DNA? | uracil |
| In what part of the cell does transcription occur? | nucleus |
| The process of forming a strand of RNA from a strand of DNA | Transcription |
| The message of the DNA code is information for building _________ | proteins |
| If DNA is a long chain of genes, where does one gene stop and the next gene begin? The DNA sequence that indicated the start of a gene is called the _________ | start codon |
| The DNA sequence that indicates the end of a gene is called the __________ | stop codon |
| Sequence of nitrogen bases found in RNA that are not involved in the making of the protein are called? | Introns |
| Sequence of nitrogen bases found in RNA that are involved in the making of the protein are called? | Exons |
| Three Major Differences between DNA and RNA | 1. RNA is a single strand; DNA is a double strand 2. The sugar in RNA is ribose; the sugar in DNA is deoxyribose 3. RNA has uracil that pairs with adenine; DNA has thymine that pairs with adenine |
| mRNA - Messenger RNA | it copies a specific gene from DNA and carries that information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm to a ribosome |
| tRNA - TransferRNA | this carries an amino acid to the ribosome |
| rRNA - R | this is a part of the ribosome that binds the mRNA to the tRNA to the ribosome |
Created by:
Crayford