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Chemical Bonds
Physical Science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Electrons present in the outermost shell of an atom | valence electrons |
| Reflects that elements tend to combine in such a way that each atom has eight electrons in its valence shell, giving it the same electronic configuration as a noble gas electronic configuration as a noble gas | octet rule |
| Elements that have a single electron shell which accommodates only 2 electrons, are exceptions to the octet rule include electronic configuration as a noble gas. | Hydrogen (H), Helium(He) |
| Atoms that do not have 8 valence electrons _________ with other elements in order to have an electron configuration similar to a _________ | react noble gas |
| Model of an atom with its valence electrons | electron dot diagram |
| Some elements achieve ___________ electron configurations through the __________ of electrons between atoms | stable transfer |
| When the transfer occurs, the atoms no longer have the same number of protons and electrons so they are no longer __________ | neutral |
| An atom that has a net positive or negative electric charge | ion |
| Atom gains electrons to form an __________ with a negative charge | anion |
| Atom loses electrons to form a _________ with a positive charge | cation |
| The force that holds atoms or ions together as a unit | chemical bond |
| The force that holds cations and anions together (chemical bond between ions) | ionic bond |
| An ionic bond forms when __________ are transferred from one atom to another | electrons |
| The __________ the ionization energy, the easier it is to remove an electron from an atom | lower |
| The amount of energy used to remove an electron is called | ionization energy |
| Ionization energies tend to _________ from left to right across a period | increase |
| It takes more energy to remove an electron from a ________ than from a metal in the same period | nonmetal |
| Ionization energies tend to __________ from the top of a group to the bottom. | decrease |
| A notation that shows what elements a compound contains and the ratio of the atoms or ions of these elements in the compound | chemical formula |
| Solids whose particles are arranged in a lattice structure are called | crystals |
| Crystals are classified into groups based on the ___________of their crystals | shape |
| Two factors that determine the arrangement of ions in a ionic crystal | the ratio of ions the relative sizes of the ions |
| The symmetrical three-dimensional arrangement of atoms inside a crystal | crystal lattice |
| The charge on an ion is also called its _________ | oxidation number |
| Atoms that do not have 8 valence electrons _________ with other elements in order to become stable as the noble gases | react |
| Names of anions are formed by placing the suffix _________ after part of the name of the nonmetal | -ide |
| Show the number of atoms present in each molecule | subscripts |
| Ions come together to form | neutral compounds |
| Chemical bond in which 2 NONMETAL atoms share a pair of valence electrons | covalent bond |
| Model that shows orbitals of atoms overlapping when a covalent bond forms | space-filling |
| A neutral group of atoms that are joined together by one or more covalent bonds | molecule |
| In a covalent bond, the atoms are held together by the _________ between the shared electrons and the protons in each nucleus | attractions |
| Elements at the _________ of a group have a greater attraction for elements than elements at the _________ of the group | top bottom |
| Covalent bond in which electrons are NOT shared equally | polar covalent bond |
| When atoms from a polar covalent bond, the atom with the greater attraction for electrons has a partial _________ charge | negative |
| Factors that determine whether a molecule is a polar or nonpolar | the type of atoms the shape of the molecule |
| Example of a polar molecule | water |
| In a water molecule, the hydrogen has a partial _________ charge, and the oxygen has a partial _________ charge | positive δ+ negative δ- |
| Attractions between polar molecules are _________ than attractions between nonpolar molecules | stronger |
| When a metal forms more than one ion, the name of the ion contains a Roman numeral to indicate the _________ on the ion | charge |
| Because all compounds are neutral, the total charges on the cations and anions in the formula of a ionic compound must add up to _________ | zero |
| The most _________ element appears first in the name (farthest to the left) | metallic |
| In covalent compounds, _________ are used to name the number atoms in molecular compounds | prefix |
| The prefix _________ is not used for the first element | mono |
| A covalently bonded group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge and acts as a unit | polyatomic bond |
| The attraction between a metal cation and the cation and the shared electrons that surround it | metallic bond |
| The more valence electrons a metal has, the stronger its _________ bonds will be | metallic |
| Properties of metals that can be explained by metallic bonding | malleability conductivity |
| some of the properties of metals can be explained by the _________ of the electrons within a metal lattice | mobility |
| A mixture of 2 or more elements, at least one is a metal | alloy |
| Properties of Covalent Bonds | Many are flexible. Good insulators, poor conductors They don’t dissolve in water easily |
| Example of a lattice structure that is VERY tough. | diamond |
| Covalent bond between two of the same element | diatomic |
| Covalent bond sharing ONE pair of electrons | single bond |
| Covalent bond sharing TWO pair of electrons | double bond |
| Covalent bond sharing THREE pair of electrons | triple bond |
Created by:
anvalencia
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