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Chapter 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ossification | The process of fragile membranes and cartilage start to turn to bone |
| Osteoclasts | Cells that break down old or damaged bone |
| Osteoblasts | Help rebuild bone |
| Periosteum | The tough, fibrous tissue that forms the outermost covering of the bone |
| Compact bone | Dense, hard, and very strong bone that forms the protective outer layer of bones |
| Spongy bone | Porous(sponge-like), which makes it lighter and weaker than compact bone |
| Medullary cavity | Central cavity located in the shaft of long bones, where it is surrounded by compact bone |
| Medullary | Pertaining to the inner section |
| Endosteum | Tissue that lines the medullary cavity |
| Hemopoietic | Pertaining to the formation of blood cells |
| Poietic | Pertaining to formation |
| Red bone marrow | Located within the spongy bone, manufacturers red blood cells, hemoglobin, white blood cells, and thrombocytes |
| Yellow bone marrow | Functions as a fat storage area, located in the medullary cavity of long bones |
| Cartilage | The smooth, rubbery, blue-white connective tissue that acts as a shock absorber between bones |
| Articular cartilage | Covers the surface of bones where they articulate to form joints |
| Meniscus | Cutting bed, fibrous cartilage found in some joints, such as the knee and tmj |
| Diaphysis | Shaft of a long bone |
| Epiphyses | Wider ends of long bones such as the femurs of the legs |
| Foramen | Opening in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass |
| Process | Normal projection on the surface of a bone that most commonly serves as a attachment for a muscle or tendon |
| Joints (articulation) | Are the place of union between two or more bones |
| Fibrous joints | Consisting of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, hold the bones tightly together |
| Sutures | Are fibrous joints on adults |
| Fontanelles | (The soft spots) normally present on the skull of a newborn |
| Cartilaginous joints | Allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage (breast bone) |
| Pubic symphysis | Allows some movement to facilitate childbirth |
| Synovial joint | Created where two bones articulate to permit a variety of motions |
| Synovial capsule | Outermost layer of strong fibrous tissue that resembles a sleeve as it surrounds the joint |
| Synovial membrane | Lines the capsule and secretes synovial fluid |
| Synovial fluid | Flows within the synovial cavity, acts as a lubricant to make the smooth movement of the joint possible |
| Ligaments | Bands of fibrous tissue that form joints by connecting one bone to another bone or by joining a bone to cartilage |
| Bursa | Fibrous sac that acts as a cushion to ease movement in areas that are subject to friction (shoulder, elbow) |
| Axial skeleton | Protects the major organs of the nervous, respiratory, and circulatory systems |
| Appendicular skeleton | Makes body movement possible and also protects the organs of digestion, excretion, and reproduction |
| Skull | Consists of the 8 bones that form the cranium, 14 bones that form the face, and 6 bones in the middle ear |
| Cranium | Made up of the following 8 bones, is the portion of the skull that encloses and protects the brain |
| Frontal bone | The anterior portion of the cranium that forms the forehead |
| Parietal bones | Are 2 of the largest bones of the skull. Together they form most of the roof and upper sides of the cranium |
| Occipital bone | Forms the back part of the skull and the base of the cranium |
| Temporal bones | Form the sides and base of the cranium |
| External auditory meatus | The opening of the external auditory canal of the outer ear |
| Sphenoid bone | An irregular, wedge-shaped bone at the base of the skull. The bone makes contact with all of the other cranial bones and helps form the base of the cranium, the sides of the skull, and the floors and sides of the eye sockets |
| Ethmoid bone | Is light, spongy bone located at the roof and sides of the nose |
| Auditory ossicles | The 3 tiny bones located in each middle ear (malleus, incus, and stapes) |
| Nasal bones | 2 bones that form the upper part of the bridge of the nose |
| Zygomatic bones | 2 (cheekbones) that articulate with the frontal bone that makes up with the forehead |
| Maxillary bones | 2 that form most of the upper jaw (maxilla) |
| Palatine bones | Form the anterior part of the hard palate of the mouth and the floor of the nose |
| Lacrimal bones | Make up part of the orbit at the inner angle |
| Inferior conchae | The thin, scroll-like bones that form part of the interior of the nose |
| Vomer bone | Forms the base for the nasal septum ( the cartilage wall that divides the two nasal cavities) |
| Mandible | (Jawbone) the only moveable bone of the skull attached at the tmj |
| Thoracic cavity | Rib cage, the bony structure that protects the heart and lungs |
| Ribs | (Costal) attach posteriorly to the thoracic vertebrae |
| Cost | Rib |
| Sternum | Also known as the breast bone is a flat, dagger-shaped bone located in the middle of the chest |
| Manubrium | The bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum |
| Body of the sternum | (Gladiolus) the bony structure that forms the middle portion of the sternum |
| Xiphoid process | Structure made of cartilage that forms the lower portion of the sternum |
| Pectoral girdle | (Shoulders) support the arms and hands |
| Acromion | Extension of the scapula that forms the high points of the shoulder |
| Humerus | The bone of the upper arm |
| Radius | Smaller and shorter bone in the forearm . Runs up the thumb side of the forearm |
| Ulna | Larger and longer bone of the forearm |
| Olecranon process | "Funny bone" |
| Spinal column | Protects the spinal cord and supports the head and bidy |
| Vertebrae | 26 of these make the spinal column |
| Vertebra | Each of the bony units that combine to make the spinal column |
| Lamina | Posterior portion of the vertebra, the transverse and spinous process extend from this area and serve as attachments for muscles and tendons |
| Intervertebral disks | Made of cartilage, separate and cushion the vertebrae from each other |
| Cervical vertebrae | The first set of 7 vertebrae that form the neck |
| Thoracic vertebrae | T1-T12 are the second set of 12 vertebrae each of these have a rib attached |
| Lumbar vertebrae | L1-L5 make up the third set of vertebrae that form the inward curve of the lower spine |
| Sacrum | Slightly curved, triangular shaped bone near the base of the spine that forms the lower portion of the back |
| Coccyx | Tailbone made up of 4 small vertebrae |
| Pelvis | Porte at internal organs and supports the lower extremities |
Created by:
Jessica12369