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Chapter 14
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Simony? | The practice of selling high positions within the Church; common in the Roman Catholic Church during the Middle Ages. This practice was used to gain power for sons who would not inherit family wealth and land because of birth order. |
| What is Gothic? | A style of architecture developed in France and spread throughout Western Europe between the 12th and 16th centuries. Utilized a combination of ribbed vaults and pointed arches to replace the barrel vault of older Romanesque churches; also used flying but |
| What is the crusade? | A series of holy wars from 1096-1270 C.E. undertaken by European Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim rule. |
| What is a guild? | A medieval association of people working at the same occupation (craftsmen, tradesmen, merchants) whose goal was to improve economic and social conditions of its members. |
| What is the great schism? | Split that occurred in the Catholic Church (1378-1417) with two Popes, one in Avignon, France and the other in Rome, Italy. The Schism caused many to question the Church's authority. |
| What is Bubonic Plague? | Also known as the Black Death, it is believed to be the deadly disease that spread throughout Asia and Europe in the mid-14th century; killed more than a third of the population in parts of China and Europe. |
| What is the Magna Carta? | "Great Charter" signed by King John in 1215 that listed the rights of English citizens and limited the power of the English monarch. Rights included trial by jury, no taxation without representation, protection of the law, and habeas corpus. |
| What is the Parliament? | A body of government that makes laws for a nation. In England, it started as an advisory council that had certain control over tax decisions. |
| What is The Hundred Year War? | A series of wars between England and France over control of the French throne from 1337-1453; England lost nearly all its possessions in France. |
| What were three main causes of the need to reform the Church? | Priest's marriage were forbidden by church law; simony rewarded greed, not merit; lay investiture made bishops the pawns of kings |
| which crusade was the only successful one? | The first crusade |
| how did the goals of the crusades change over the years? | Religious goals gave way to personal and economic gain |
| Which of the following do you think best represents the spirit of the Age of Faith- Church reform, the Crusades, or the Gothic cathedrals? | Church reform, because of bad church practices; the crusades, because they were faith in action; cathedrals, because they represented the City of God |
| How did the crusades change history of Europe? | The crusades lessened the power of the popes and increased it for kings; trade strengthened merchants and towns; tensions among Muslims, Jews, and Christians brought |
| How did guilds influence business practices in medieval towns? | Controlled trade goods, set standards for quality, set working conditions and wages, trained workers |
| In what ways did burghers expand their freedom from landlords? | By organizing and demanding privileges such as freedom from some tolls and the right to govern the town |
| What was the effect of the development of towns on the feudal systems? | They undermined it by offering former serfs economic and social opportunities, which helped them gain freedom from their lords |
| What is common law? | Unified body of law formed from rulings of England's royal judges that serves as the basis for law in many English-speaking countries today, including the United State |
| Who was William the conqueror? | - Duke of Normandy - Invaded England - Fought the Battle of Hastings (took over england) - Won all of England |
| Who was Henry II? | - Married Elanor of Aquitaine - Gave him land in France (Aquitaine) - Strengthened royal courts - First jury system - Common law |
| Who was King John? | -Henry's youngest son - Lost all the land in Normandy and France - Cruel to his subjects - Alienated the church - High taxes - Nobles revolted |
| What were some effects of the bubonic plague? | - Town population fell - Trade declined, prices rose - The serfs left the manor in search of better wages - Nobles fiercely resisted peasant demands for higher wages, causing peasant revolts in England, France, Italy, and Belgium - Jews were false |
| Who were the anglo saxons. | - Founders of England - Leader: Alfred the great - Blended 2 tribes (angles and saxons) - Fought off attacks from the Danish |
| What was the purpose of the Reconquista? | To drive the Muslims out of Spain |
| A series of wars launched by popes against the Muslims of Southwest Asia was called the __________. | Crusades |
| The crisis know as the ___________________ may have been two diseases. | Black Plague |
| Europe's first banks were created as the use of currency and _______ increased especially at trade fairs. | Trade |
| People banded together in trade organizations called ______to protect their common interest. | Guild |
| The ___________ began when two popes were elected, one bases in Rome and the other based in Avignon. | Great Schism |
| _________ is the governing body that makes England's laws | English Common Law |
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