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EXAM 4
ENV 105
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The MMPA has actually resulted in an increase in dolphin mortality. | false |
| In the tuna industry, improvements in the means of production led to degradation of the conditions of production . | True |
| The result of the tuna industry transitioning from a Fordist to a post-Fordist industry includes all of the following, EXCEPT: | TNCs own all of the parts of production-from the fishing vessels to the processing plants. |
| The puzzle of tune includes all of the following, EXCEPT: | Insatiable demand for tuna can only be met because tuna has an infinite resource base. |
| Which type of fishing method uses up to 60 miles of fishing line that is dragged behind a ship with thousands of hooks? | long-line fishing |
| Bluefin tuna are not the only overfished species in the ocean. This fish was officially closed off from commercial fishing in 1992 and has yet to show signs of rebounding: | Atlantic cod |
| Which of the following is TRUE about the tuna industry? | Tuna used to be considered unfit for humans and used in pet foods instead. |
| All of the following are true about the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA), EXCEPT: | Allows for the intentional death of dolphins as long as their populations remain above sustainable levels. |
| The fact that the vast majority of consumers care more about the welfare of dolphins over tuna is true for all of the following socially constructed reasons, EXCEPT: | Social construction has painted fish as vicious creatures that deserve to be killed. |
| Which type of fishing method produces the lowest overall catch in comparison to the other methods? | pole and line fishing |
| Which type of fishing method is responsible for the death of over 100,000 albatrosses each year? | long-line fishing |
| Moral extensionism has been applied to tuna as much as to dolphins. | false |
| Which type of fishing method has been most blamed for the unintentional death of dolphins? | purse-seine fishing |
| Post-Fordist industries are characterized by: | flexibility and impermanent locations for the processes of extraction, production, and exchange |
| There have been many positive strides for dolphin rights through labeling efforts. Unfortunately, the gains have accompanied ecological defeats which include all of the following, EXCEPT: | The unintentional increase of dolphin kills as fishers use even more dangerous methods to maximize tuna catches. |
| The ecological ethic is not opposed to the killing of individual animals as long as the species is not threatened. | True |
| Dolphin-safe labels are considered a success by the advocates of all of the following EXCEPT: | The move was a devastating blow to the U.S. tuna market. |
| Which type of fishing method involves using a net to encircle a school of fish, then drawing the bottom shut to confine the fish? | purse-seine fishing |
| The ethic that promotes the well-being of individual animals rather than a species is the | animal rights ethic |
| The use of dolphin-safe labels is an example of which approach to solve environmental problems? | market environmentalism |
| The yellowfin tuna industry is an example of _______ because its own success undermines the resource base upon which it depends. | the second contradiction of capitalism |
| An exclusive economic zone allows a country to: | decide whether foreign fishers may fish within 200 nautical miles of the country’s coastline. |
| The consumer boycott and dolphin-safe tuna labeling effectively led to the sustainable harvest of tuna. | false |
| Which type of fishing method involves capturing and rearing young wild tuna for human consumption? | tuna ranching |
| The accidental harvest of non-targeted marine species is called what? | bycatch |
| All of the following are true of locating yellowfin tuna by the presence of dolphins, EXCEPT: | This method is called “dolphin-baiting” |
| Which of the following is an example of green consumerism as related to tuna and dolphins? | Dolphin-safe labels on tuna products. |
| Under the auspices of capitalism, fishers in the tuna industry failed to realize their own roles in sustaining their livelihoods. | True |
| Which statement about green certification is TRUE? | Green certification does not prevent environmental degradation. |
| An example of overproduction as it related to bottled drink choices is: | There are too many choices of bottled drinks. |
| The bottled water industry is susceptible to greenwashing. | True |
| According to the notes, what percentage of plastic bottles are thrown away? | 80% |
| Which type of water scarcity involves a lack of water due to inadequate infrastructure from underdevelopment? | techno-economic scarcity |
| In underdeveloped countries, bottled water is used to replace water supplies that can be all of the following, EXCEPT: | Local water supplies are often associated with the wealthy only |
| Industrialized nations use less water per capita than less developed countries. | False |
| If a municipal water utility plant wanted to convey information about the safety of tap water, this would be an example of what? | risk communication |
| Desalinization is an affordable way to increase water supplies. | False |
| All of the following have been implicated as contaminant dangers in tap water, EXCEPT: | All of the choices are true |
| Tap water is potentially safer than bottled water because it is more strictly regulated. | True |
| The type of water scarcity that is most prevalent in the United States is _______. | Perceptual |
| According to the United Nations, two-thirds of the world’s population may be living in water-stressed countries by what year? | 2025 |
| When did bottled water consumption rapidly begin to increase? | 1990s |
| The people of Mecosta County, MI, protested appropriation of groundwater by Nestlé in order to produce which brand of bottled water? | Ice Mountain |
| When water is appropriated from natural or public sources and then sold back to the community at a marked up price, this is called: | primitive accumulation |
| Which type of water scarcity involves a lack of water due to climatological and geographical factors? | Hydrological scarcity |
| In which location are you most likely to find techno-economic scarcity? | a rapidly growing city in South Africa |
| A _______ can be used to determine the environmental impact of a product through all stages of production and consumption. | life cycle analysis |
| Over the course of 15 years, some people spend as much on bottled water as the purchase of a decent sized home. | True |
| Which type of water scarcity involves a belief that existing water supplies are scarce or hazardous? | perceptual scarcity |
| Which type of water scarcity mostly affects desert regions? | hydrological scarcity |
| The rise of the bottled water industry was simultaneous with increasing privatization of municipal water supplies. | True |
| The Nestlé Corporation seized public water resources in Mecosta County, Michigan in order to bottle and sell the water. This process is known as _______. | primitive accumulation |
| Which government agency in the United States oversees municipal water? | EPA |
| According to the National Tap Water Database, the overall report for Michigan has found that the largest source of pollutants in our state comes from what source? | Industrial pollutants |
| How are bottle water companies able to get affluent people to purchase water they could otherwise get for free? | Through successful marketing and packaging. |
| Oil is used in all of the following phases of the life cycle of bottled water, EXCEPT: | All of the choices involve the use of oil |
| Water has traditionally been seen as a _______, but has increasingly been privatized and sold as a _______. | common resource; commodity |
| Ounce for ounce, bottled water is more costly than oil. | True |
| All of the following statements concerning bottled water and tap water are true, EXCEPT: | No bottled water companies have adopted public water safety standards. |
| By reducing the genetic diversity of potatoes we are setting ourselves up for another potato blight. | True |
| ____% of of all of the potatoes consumed are in fast food. | 90 |
| Which approach would agree with the following statement, “Creating new varieties of potatoes is a good thing as it will better serve the needs of humans”: | Anthropocentric approach |
| Food deserts are typically found in all of the following neighborhoods, EXCEPT: | neighborhoods with a low density of fast food restaurants |
| In the early to mid-1800s, the Irish relied heavily on the production of _______ potatoes. | Lumper |
| Despite the influence of culture and marketing, people always have a choice about what they eat. | False |
| The term used for the rapid homogenization of food culture in the United States is called: | McDonaldization |
| To protect a potato from destruction for the use of humans is known as: | Conservation |
| Trans fats are now illegal in the United States. | False |
| The production of _______ potatoes was discontinued because of consumer fears about pesticide ingestion. | New Leaf |
| The Columbian exchange is the process by which Andean potatoes arrived in Europe. | True |
| The McDonaldization of the U.S. and the world is an example of _______. | The spatial fix |
| The U.S. fast food industry is largely responsible for the success of the Russet Burbank potato. | true |
| All of the following are true statements about fats, EXCEPT: | in 1957 the AHA linked trans fats to heart disease |
| Maintaining a registry of genetic material for the many varieties of an organism can be viewed as a form of sustainable agriculture based on a land ethic approach. | True |
| The consumption of trans fat has always been known to be a health risk. | false |
| Which of the following presents the greatest threat to agrodiversity? | Monocropping |
| Which of the following is NOT true regarding the history of the potato? | Potatoes were originally viewed as food for the elite and wealthy. |
| This is a marketing strategy centered on promoting a recognizable product through advertising exposure: | Branding |
| Which of the following is not a growth input for the Russet Burbank potato? | Risk |
| Who is the largest buyer of potatoes in the world? | McDonalds |
| GMOs are: | Genetically-modified organisms |
| The Russet Burbank is the major export of which state in the U.S.? | Idaho |
| All of the following are problems associated with GM crops, EXCEPT: | Humans are too trusting of these crops. |
| French fries make up 90% of the ___________ potato market. | Frozern |
| Which of the following is NOT true regarding the CIP? | Is a clear example of a preservation approach. |
| The term used for the process by which a single crop is grown and harvested to the exclusion of other types of crops is: | Monocropping |
| People are more likely to _______ the risks associated with trans fats because the consequences are _______. | underestimate; not immediate |
| The “New Leaf” potato was created by: | Monsanto |
| Lumper potatoes no longer exist. | False |
Created by:
Cramirezlopez