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What have historians often called the period in American history from 1824 to 1850?
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For whom was this period named?
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US History SOLMANIA3
WWII , Jacksonian Era, anything else we may have missed
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What have historians often called the period in American history from 1824 to 1850? | the Age of Jackson |
| For whom was this period named? | President Andrew Jackson |
| What did the Age of Jackson witness? | a new democratic spirit in American politics |
| When was Andrew Jackson elected president of the United States? | 1828 |
| What group participated in the electoral process for the first time during the Age of Jackson? | the American masses |
| Before the Age of Jackson, with whose rule had the mass of American people been content? | the aristocracy’s |
| What type of government is an aristocracy? | an aristocracy = a gov’t. in which power is given to those believed to be best qualified to rule |
| What is an aristocrat? | an aristocrat = a member of the ruling class |
| Before the 1828 election, with whom had the majority of the American people been satisfied with selecting their president? | the aristocrats |
| Why was the distinction between “aristocrat” and common man disappearing by the mid-1820s? | because new states were providing for universal white manhood suffrage |
| Define suffrage. | suffrage = the right to vote |
| Define universal white manhood suffrage. | all adult white males can vote |
| What two types of voting requirements did universal white manhood suffrage eliminate? | 1) religious qualification; 2) property qualification |
| During the Jacksonian period, what action did many of the older states take regarding voter qualifications? | either lowered or eliminated property qualifications |
| What new method of choosing presidential candidates was first used during the 1828 election? | national nominating conventions |
| What is a national convention? | national convention = a meeting of members from the same political party to choose that party’s candidates for president and vice president |
| To what political party did Andrew Jackson belong? | Democratic |
| What did President Jackson use to reward his political supporters? | the spoils system |
| What was the spoils system? | the spoils system = the practice of an elected official giving government jobs to his political supporters |
| What was the major criticism of the spoils system? | it failed to put the most qualified people in government jobs |
| What type of reform did Jackson consider the spoils system? | a democratic reform |
| What did Jackson call the spoils system, and why did Jackson believe it benefited a democracy like the United States? | rotation-in-office; Jackson believed every white male citizen should participate in government service at some point during his life |
| How else did Andrew Jackson champion democracy? | by opposing the Second Bank of the United States |
| Why did Jackson distrust the Bank of the United States? | because Jackson believed the BUS was an undemocratic tool of the Eastern elite |
| Who made up the Eastern elite? | wealthy businessmen |
| What action did President Jackson take in 1832 on the bill to recharter the BUS? | vetoed it |
| What is a presidential veto? | veto = the power granted to the President by the Constitution to prevent passage of legislation by Congress; literally, Latin for “I forbid” |
| How did President Jackson’s veto of the bank recharter bill differ from all previous presidential vetoes? | it was not based solely on constitutional grounds |
| What right did Jackson claim for the president in his message vetoing recharter of the Second BUS? | a President had the right to veto bills for any reason he wanted |
| How did Andrew Jackson’s bank veto make the presidential veto part of the legislative or lawmaking process? | before Congress passed a bill, they had to consider whether the President might veto it |
| What precedent was set by President Jackson’s bank veto? | later presidents could veto any bill they didn’t like |
| What became the central issue in the presidential election of 1832? | Jackson’s bank veto |
| Who ran against President Jackson in the 1832 election, and what was this candidate’s political party? | Henry Clay; National Republican |
| What was Henry Clay’s position on the Second Bank of the United States? | Clay supported the BUS. |
| To what did the National Republican Party change its name? | the Whig Party |
| Who won an overwhelming victory in the 1832 presidential election? | Andrew Jackson |
| How did President Jackson interpret his overwhelming victory in the 1832 presidential election? | as a sign that the American public approved of his war on the BUS |
| What did Jackson make as a major goal of his second term as president? | to destroy the power of the BUS |
| What action did President Jackson take against the BUS? | withdrew all federal government money from the BUS and deposited it in state banks |
| How did Jackson’s reelection affect the BUS? | brought an end to the Second Bank of the United States |
| What resulted from President Jackson’s decision to withdraw all federal funds from the BUS? | a major economic depression, which led to the Panic of 1837 |
| What was the Panic of 1837? | Panic of 1837 = an economic situation that resulted from reckless land speculation, which led to bank failures and dissatisfaction with the use of state banks as depositories for public funds |
| What group of Americans was particularly hurt by the reforms of Jacksonian democracy? | American Indians |
| As white Americans moved westward during the Jacksonian period, what two things happened to the American Indians? | 1) defeated in violent conflicts; 2) removed from their ancestral lands |
| What president proposed the Indian Removal Act in 1830? | Jackson |
| What did the Indian Removal Act in 1830? | required the forced relocation of the Southeastern Indians to a new Indian Territory in what is now Oklahoma |
| What was the Trail of Tears? | the forced journey of Cherokee Indians from their homes in Georgia to a new Indian Territory in what is now Oklahoma |
| What happened to nearly one-fourth of the Cherokees on the Trail of Tears? | died of hardship, sickness, and starvation |
| What happened to other Indians tribes during the Jacksonian period? | either relocated from Atlantic Coast states to Oklahoma or confined to (made to stay on) reservations |
| What happened to American Indians throughout the rest of the 19th century? | forcibly removed from their ancestral lands; kicked off their land |
| Name another reform movement that developed during the Jacksonian period. | women’s rights movement |
| What was the main goal of the women’s rights movement? | to give equal rights to American women, especially the right to vote |
| When and where did the women’s rights movement begin? | 1848; Seneca Fall, New York |
| What right for women did the Seneca Falls Declaration support? | women’s suffrage or the right to vote |
| Who were two of the most important leaders of the women’s suffrage movement? | Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony |
| Did the women’s suffrage movement continue after the Civil War? | yes |
| When did World War II begin ? | It began when Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. Russia later invaded the eastern part of Poland |
| What was the United States policy when World War II began? | Its policy was to remain neutral although FDR slanted that policy to the favor of Great Britain |
| What were the major events of the war in Europe before the United States entered? | France was overrun. Britain was attacked by air during the Battle of Britain. Germany also invaded his former partner, Russia. |
| How did America help Great Britain? | 1) FDR exchanged military equipment and old destroyers for bases in the Carribean and Bermuda.2) FDR used the Lend Lease act to sell or lend equipment to the countries that were being attacked by the Germans and Japanese. |
| What did FDR say about Lend Lease to help build public support? | He compared Lend Lease to "lending a garden hose to a neighbor whose house was on fire". |
| How did the United States respond to increasing totalarian aggression throughout Asia and Europe? | The United States adopted policies such embargoing raw material against the Japanese. It also aided countries that were at war with Germany |
| What caused America's gradual abandonment of its policy of neutrality? | The progress of the war. The Germans were making significant gains. |
| What militaristic actions did the Japanese take during the 1930's? | The Japanese conquered Manchuria and invaded China. |
| What was the response of the United States to these actions? | Exports of oil and steel to the Japanese were embargoed by the United States. |
| What happened on December 7, 1941? | While they were still negotiating with the United States and without warning, the Japanese attacked the US navy base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The attack destroyed much of the Pacific fleet and killed thousands of American serviceman. |
| What did FDR call December 7, 1941? | FDR said it was a day "which will live in infamy" as he asked for a declaration of war from Congress a few days after Pearl Harbor. |
| What did Hitler do after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor? | He declared war on the United States. |
| What was the strategy of America and its allies, Britain and the Soviet Union, during World War II? | Their strategy was to defeat Hitler first |
| What was the Allied strategy in the Pacific? | "Island hopping". The Americans invaded islands as they moved closer to Japan, using the conquered islands as bases to support the advance to Japan |
| What was the Axis strategy? | The Germans wanted to take control of the oil fields and other resources of the Soviet Union. They also wanted to force the British out of the war before America could come with her industrial power. To achieve this goal the Germans would use air raids a |
| What happened in the Pacific theater following Pearl Harbor? | The Japanese conquered the American possession of the Philippines along with the British colony of Malaya and the Dutch East Indies. They also planned to invade Hawaii and Australia |
| What was the Japanese strategy? | Hope that the United Stated would not contest the territories that the Japanese conquered. |
| What battles were the major turning points in the European theater? | 1) El Alamein: the British 8th Army defeated the advance of the German Africa Korps in Egypt.2) Stalingrad: The German 6th Army was defeated in Stalingrad and forced back by the Russians.3) Normandy: The Allies invaded the coast of France setting t |
| What battles were the major turning point of the Pacific theater? | 1) Midway: US navy carriers sank four Japanese carriers stopping an attempt at capturing the island as a prelude to invading Hawaii.2) Iwo Jima and Okinawa: Two large American armies suffered heavy casualties when these two islands near Japan were ca |
| How did minority participation in World War II reflect social conditions in the United States? | African-Americans generally served in segregated military units. They demanded the right to serve in combat roles. |
| How did minorities complete to Allied victory? | 1) The Tuskegee airmen, African-American members of the US army air corps, served in the European theater with distinction2) Nisei regiments: These units made up mostly of Japanese Americans earned a large number of decorations in the European theater. |
| In what other ways did minorities contribute to Allied victory? | 1) The language of the Navahos was used by Navaho indians serving in the US marines as code for transmitting over the radio. 2) Mexican-Americans served in units that were not segregated 3) Minority units suffered higher than average casualties and w |
| What was the purpose of the Geneva convention? | Its purpose was to ensure the fair treatment of all prisoners of war. |
| How did the treatment of prisoners of war differ? | In the Pacific theater, US soldiers captured in the Philippines were horribly mistreated. Japanese soldiers in most cases also chose not to surrender and committed suicide instead. |
| Did this treatment differ in the European theater? | For Americans that were captured by the Germans, the Geneva convention was generally followed. |
| What was the Holocaust and who were its victims | The holocaust was the genocide of mostly Jews but also including Poles, Slavs, Gypsies and other "undesirables". Undesirables in this case mean homosexuals, mentally ill and political dissidents. |
| Define Genocide? | The systemic and purposeful destruction of a racial, political, religious or cultural group. |
| Define "Final Solution"? | Germany's decision to exterminate all European Jews. |
| What were the Nuremberg trials? | Nazi leaders and others were convicted of war crimes. |
| What was the importance of the Nuremberg Trials? | 1) The trials emphasized individual responsibility for actions during war regardless of orders. 2) The trials also led to increased demands for a Jewish homeland. |
| How did the United States organize its resources to achieve victory during World War II? | Economic resources: Rationing was used to make sure that the military had resources. War bonds and taxes were used to finance the war. Business was retooled to wartime production. Human resources: Women and minorities entered the labor force as men e |
| How did women and minorities contribute to America's effort during World War II? | Women: They joined the workforce replacing the men. (Rosie the Riveter). Many also participated in non combat military roles. African-Americans: They migrated north to work in war plants. African-Americans also campaigned for victory in war and equa |
| How were Americans of Japanese descent treated after US entry in World War II, and why? | Japanese Americans who lived on the west coast of the United States were relocated to internment camps. Some reasons for the relocation include strong anti-Japanese prejudice on the west coast of the United States and the false belief that they were aidi |
| Did the United States government eventually apologize for this action? | Yes. They also provided financial restitution to the internees that were still alive. |
| How did media and communications assist the Allied efforts during World War II? | 1) The US government maintained strict censorship of reporting of the war.2) Public morale and ad campaigns kept Americans focused on the war effort.3) The entertainment industry produced movies, plays, and shows that boosted morale and patriotic suppor |
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