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biology exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the doctrine of humors states that living things contain four different | fluids |
| the physician who popularized the doctrine of humors | hippcrates |
| suggest looking for items in nature that resemble a person physical problem | doctrine of signictires |
| the belief that non living things can be changed directly into living things | spontaneous generation |
| is a body of facts that man has gathered by observing the physical universe | science |
| recorded evidence form an experiment is | data |
| the one factor that the researcher allows to be different between the control group and the experimental group should be the | independent variable |
| in an expierenet to determine which brand of light bulb lasts the longest what is the dependent variable | how long the bulb lasts |
| in an experiment to determine which brand of light bulb lasts the longest the brand of the lightbulb is the | independent variable |
| if the data from an experiment cannot be applied to similar situations the data | lacks workability |
| a scientist conducting research to find the gene responsible for a severe genetic disease is doing | pure science |
| using the results of a clinical experiment expiernent to change the therapy of a sick person is | applied science |
| biology is the study of | life |
| intelligent design is often supported by the fact that most living organisms are made of these same chemical componetns | CHONPS |
| the ability of organisms to organize simple molecules into complex living material within there bodies is known as | assimilation |
| what is not an atticute of all living organisms | requiring food |
| the ability of a living organisms to respond to its environment is called | irritability |
| who is known as the father of microscopy | aton van leeuwenhok |
| what is the primary need of all cells | light |
| an example of a autotroph is | oak tree |
| a nutritionally dependent organisms is said to be | heterotrophic |
| energy is stored within the cells as | ATP |
| when atp becomes adp energy will be | released for use |
| photosynthesis captures light energy and converts it to | ADP |
| the primary catalysts of photosynthesis | chloryphyll |
| the past of photosynthesis that splits water molecules i the | the light dependent phase |
| during the light dependent phase a water molecule is split into hydrogen ions electrons and oxygen is called | photoylsis |
| the light dependent phase of photosynthesis is also called the | calvin cycle |
| the entire process of photosynthesis takes place in the | chloroplasts |
| the calvin cycle depends on which two products of the light dependent reactions | ATP, NADPH |
| cellular respiration requiring oxygen is called | aerobic |
| cellular respiration refers to | breaking down of food to release energy |
| process that does not use oxygen is | anaerobic |
| the initial step of breaking glucose down into pyretic acid is | glycolysis |
| location where most apt is made in aerobic cellular respiration | cristae of the mito. |
| a total of ___ atp molecules are gained during aerobic cellular respiration | 36 |
| breakdown of glucose by enzyme action without the presence of oxygen | fermentation |
| cellular fermentation usually forms | lactic acid and alcohol |
| which process occurs in the cristae of the mito | ETC |
| which type of respiration produces the most energy | anaerobic |
| cork cells were first identified by | hooke |
| study of cells | cytology |
| discovered plants are made of cells | schleiden |
| robert brown was the first describe this structure and the its importance of cells | nucleus |
| ability to maintain a steady state in the cell | homeostasis |
| ability of a cell to respond to its environment | irritability |
| the putting together of organic compound is | synthesis |
| the removal of soluble waste from the cell | digestion |
| group of similar cells that work together | colony |
| levels of cellular organization in order | cell tissue organ organ system |
| the true cell that contains membrane bound organelles and nucleus is | prokyratic |
| which of the following is composed of prokyratc cells | bacteria |
| the plasma membranee is characterized by the following phase | selectivity permeable |
| cellular membrans are composed of | phospholipids and proteins |
| which cell boundary would be the outermost in plant cells | cell wall |
| provide cellular energy | mito |
| cristae of the mito | increase surface area |
| non membrane bound organelle responsible for protein synthesis within the cell is the | ribosome |
| the flattened sacs that are used in packaging complex polysaccharides proteins and lipids for the cells are called | golgi apparatus |
| which organelles is found in most plant cells but never in animal cells | plastid |
| cytoplasm long tubular extensions that contain a set of microtubules and that are used in | flagella |
| those clear plastids that function as storehouses in plants are | luecoplasts |
| which organelle digests materials and is most like garbage disposal | lysosome |
| chloroplasts contain | grana |
| has to do with plants cells turgor pressure | central vacuole |
| the diffusion of water into a plant cell by osmosis results in a build up of ____ ______ and allowed the plant to stand up upright | turgor pressure |
| contains pores and is the double membrane surrounding the nucleus | nuclear envelope |
| when a cell is in a state of homeostasis it is | at equilibrium |
| when cells get past there optimal point they become | steady |
| if a cell is put an isotonic solution the solute concentration is ______ in the solution than its inside | lower |
| when the concentrations of solutes outside of the cell esceedsthe contrentaion of solutes inside of the cell is | hypertonic solution |
| cells that are in an extremely hypotonic solution will eventually go through | cytolysis |
| structure that will aid a cell in a hypotonic environment | contractile vaculule |
| what will prevent cytolysis | cell walls, contractile vacuous, isotonic solutions |
| movement of molecules across the cell membrane that requires no energy is called | passive transport |
| what will prevent a substance form crossing the cell membrane | not fat soluble |
| the processes by which cells release wastes or secrete substances through the cell membrane | exocytolsis |
| called cellular drinking | pinocytolysis |
| your white blood cells engulf and destroy invading bacteria | phagocytolysis |
| double helix nucleic acid that serves as chief code | deoxyribonucleic acid |
| hydrophilic end of a phatty acid | is replied by water |
| proteins are used in your body as | enzymes |
| when a molecule is broken down into smaller molecules by adding a water molecule the process is called | hydolysis |
| the four most common elements that make up living organisms | CHON |
| disaccharide is formed when two sugars combine in | diffusion |
| basic unit of carbohydrates simple sugars | monosaccaride |
| RNA has a base of | uracil |
| the carboxyl end of a fatty acid molecule is attracted to water and is called | hydrophilic |
| the basic building blocks of a protein are | amino acid |
| the process of forming a molecule of ran through the action of Rna polymerase on a DNA is | transcription |
| which of these would contain the most potential energy per spoonful | lipids |
| monomers of DNA and Rna are | nucleotides |
| what is not a function or chracterisistic or organic compounds | transport |
| nucleotide of a dna of a dna molecule is made of a base a phosphate and a | sugar |
| type of polysaccharide that is important for the strength of plant cells and is not | cellulose |
| cohesion of water molecules is a result of what type of bonding | hydrogen |
| has opposite charges at opposite ends | polar molecule |
| when salt is dissolved in water the water molecule moves its hydrogen end | towards the positive sodium ion |
| plants are able to tow water molecules up its roots and shoots even against the force of gravity | capillary action |
| subatomic particle that has a positive charge is | proton |
| atom having negative or a positive charge | ion |
| chemical bonding that occurs due to the appositively charged atoms of two elements is called | ionic bonding |
| energy can neither be created nor destroyed | first law of thermodynamics |
| the second law of thermodynamics deals with the increase in randomness and loss of energy. idea of randomness is known as | entropy |
| the amount of energy required to initiate a chemical reation | activation energy |
| one of the most often used catalysts is chemical reactions is the | enzyme |
| substances such as vitamins that affect the active site of enzyes | coenzymes |
| dissfusion will continue until what point is reached | equilibrium |
| the particles in a suspension are uslly | larger than the solutions |
| if you have a mixture of sugar and water the sugar is the solute and the water is the | solvent |
| the ratio of the solute to the solvent is the | concnetration |
| the week forces attraction between water molecules that give water some of it unique | hydrogen bonds |
| when only water is suffused through a selectively permeable membrane | osmosis |
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thomasslagle