Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Science final vocab
Science final
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| matter | anything that has mass and takes up space |
| element | a substance that cannot be broken down into any other substances by chemical or physical means |
| atom | smallest particle of an element |
| molecule | a neutral particle made of two or more atoms joined by covalent bonds |
| compound | a substance made of two or more elements chemically combined in a specific ratio or proportion |
| mixture | two or more substances that are mixed together but not chemically combined |
| electron | negatively charged particles that move around outside the nucleus of an atom |
| proton | small, positively charged particles that are found in the nucleus of an atom |
| neutron | small, uncharged particles that are found in the nucleus of an atom |
| nucleus | the central core of the atom, containing protons and usually neutrons |
| valence electrons | the electrons that are in the highest energy level of an atom and that are involved in chemical reactions |
| chemical bond | the force that holds atoms together |
| chemical symbol | one or two letter set of characters that is used to identify and element |
| atomic number | the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
| period | elements in the same horizontal row of the periodic table |
| group or family | elements in the same vertical column of the periodic table |
| ion | an atom or group of atoms that has become electrically charged |
| ionic bond | the attraction between oppositely charged ions |
| chemical formula | a combination of symbols that represents the elements in a compound |
| subscript | a number in a chemical formula that tells the number of atoms in a model |
| covalent bond | chemical bond formed when 2 atoms share electrons |
| polar bond | covalent bond where electrons are shared unequally |
| alloy | material made of 2 or more elements that has all the properties of a metal |
| ductile | therm used to describe material that can be bent without breaking; flexible |
| malleable | material that can be hammered or rolled into shape |
| physical property | characteristic that can be observed without changing the composition of the matter |
| chemical property | characteristics of a substance that describe its ability to change into a different substance |
| physical change | change that alters appearance of a substance but doesn't change its makeup |
| chemical reaction | when substances undergo chemical changes that result in the formation of new substances |
| endothermic reaction | reaction that absorbs energy in the format of heat |
| exothermic reaction | reaction that releases heat in the form of energy |
| chemical equation | short easy way to show a chemical reaction using symbols |
| reactant | substance that enters a chemical reaction |
| product | substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction |
| conservation of mass | principle stating that matter can not be created or destroyed |
| coefficient | number in front of a chemical formula/ indicates how many molecules or atoms of each reactant or product |
| synthesis | chemical reaction which two or more simple substances combine from a new substance |
| decomposition | chemical reaction that breaks down compounds into simpler products |
| replacement | reaction where an element replaces another element |
| activation energy | minimum amount of energy needed to get a chemical reaction started |
| concentration | amount of one material in a certain volume of another material |
| catalyst | material that increases the rate of a reaction by lowering activation energy |
| enzyme inhibitor | biological catalyst that lowers activation energy |
| solution | well mixed mixture containing a solvent and at least one solute that has the same properties throughout |
| solvent | the part of a solution that is present in the largest amount and dissolves a solute |
| solute | the part of a solution present in a lesser amount and dissolved by the solvent |
| suspension | a mixture in which particles can be seen and easily separated by settling or filtration |
| dilute solution | a mixture that has only a little solute dissolved in it |
| concentrated solution | a mixture that has a lot of solute dissolved in it |
| solubility | a measure of how much solute can dissolve in a given solvent at a given temperature |
| saturated solution | a mixture that contains as much dissolved solute as is possible at a given temperature |
| unsaturated solution | a mixture that contains less dissolved solute than is possible at a given temperature |
| supersaturated solution | a mixture that has more dissolved solute than is predicted by its solubility at a given temperature |
| cell | the basic unit of structure and function in living things |
| cell theory | a widely acecpted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things |
| organelle | a tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell |
| cell wall | a rigid layer of non living material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms |
| cell membrane | a cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell |
| nucleus | cell structure that contains nucleic acids, chemical instructions that direct all the cell's activities |
| cytoplasm | the region between the cell membrane and the nucleus. In organisms without a nucleus, the region located in the cell membrane |
| motochondria | rod shaped cell structures that convert energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out its function |
| ribosome | a small grain like structure in the cytoplasm of a cell where proteins are made |
| chloroplast | a structure in the cells of plants and some other organisms that captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce food |
| carbohydrate | energy rich organic compound, such as sugar or starch that is made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| lipid | energy rich organic compound, such as a fat or wax, that is made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen |
| protein | large organic molecule made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sometimes sulfur |
| amino acid | small molecule that is linked chemically to other amino acids to form proteins |
| enzyme | type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing |
| nucleic acid | large organic molecule made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus, contains the instructions cells need to carry out all functions of life |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid, genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid, important role in producing proteins |
| diffusion | process by which molecules move from an area of high concentration to low concentration |
| osmosis | diffusion of water molecules through permeable membranes |
| passive transport | movement of materials through a membrane without using energy |
| active transport | movement of materials through a membrane using energy |
| photosynthesis | process by which plants and some other organisms capture the energy in sunlight to make food |
Created by:
yttims
Popular Chemistry sets