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DNA and RNA
Doctor George Biology Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| DNA | Deoxyribonuclec Acid |
| what is the purpose of DNA | ITs to store and transmit directions for making proteins |
| whats a Double Helix | Its a long Polymer formed of 2 twisting strands |
| what are Nucleotides | The monomers of the DNA polymer |
| How many parts does a nucleotide have? | 3 Parts |
| what are the 3 parts of a nucleotide | they have 1 phosphate group, 1 Deocxyribose (a 5 carbon sugar), and 1 Nitrogen- containing base ("Nitrogenous" base) |
| Purines have | 2 Rings (large) |
| Pyrimidines have | 1 Ring (small) |
| Guanine ("G")matches with what | it matches with Cytosine ("C") and they will always match |
| A way that Guanine will always go with Cytosine | "CARS in the GARAGE" |
| Adenine ("A") will always match with | It matches with Thymine ("T") and will always match |
| A way to remember Adenine goes with Cytosine | APPLES in the TREE |
| Base Pairing | Its 2 strands of the DNA molecule are held together with Hydrogen Bonds between the Bases |
| A large base like "G" or "A" will always match with what | It'll Always match with a Small base like "C" or "T" |
| DNA replication | Its when the DNA strands get taken apart/ split into 2 strands |
| The point where the strands are separating is called | Replication Fork |
| Replication or coping of the DNA | The 2 Strands of DNA are complementary: each stores information needed to reconstruct the other |
| Each Complementary strand strand acts as a....... for synthesizing the new strands | "Templete" |
| After the DNA is replicated, enzymes.........the DNA and repair any errors | "Profread" |
| RNA | Ribonucleic Acid |
| RNA | A single strand polymer of nucleotide monomers |
| Nucleotides have 3 Parts | 1 Phosphate Group, 1 Ribose (a 5 carbon sugar), and 1 nitrogen-containing base("Nitrogenous" base) |
| Nitrogen containing Bases | Purines and Pyrimidines |
| Guanine ("G")matches with | it matches with Cytosine ("C") |
| Adenine matches with | URACIL ("U") |
| in RNA you have to remember that Adenine matches with URACIL and you can remember it like this | "APPLES UNDER the tree" |
| messanger RNA does what | Carries information from DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm and also carriers the code for making a protien |
| Transfer RNA | RNA strands folded into a T shape and also Carriers amino acids needed for protein synthesis |
| Ribosomal RNA | Combines with protein to form ribosomes, the protein making "factories" |
| Transcription | Genetic information is copied from DNA -> RNA |
| RNA polymerase binds to a special site on the DNA Called a | Promoter |
| The Promoter marks the | Beginning of the Gene |
| Portions are single stranded polymers of | Amino Acid Monomers |
| Each amino acid has a 3 letter abbreviation like | Lysine=Lys, Methionine=Met, Argine=Arg |
| Each combination of 3 nucleotides codes for a specific | Amino acid |
| 3 nucleotides are called | Codons |
| there are.....different codons | 64 |
| starting codons | AUG |
| Ending Codons | UAA,UAG,UGA |
| Ribosomes | are protein making factories |
Created by:
benjenkins