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forensics unit 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| agglutination | Clumping of microorganisms or blood cells, typically due to an antigen-antibody interaction. |
| antibodies | Specialized proteins that aid in destroying infectious agents |
| antigen-antibody response | neutralization or destruction of antigen by antibodies |
| antigens | Foreign material that invades the body |
| cell-surface protein | proteins embedded in the cell membrane |
| lines of convergence | A two-dimensional view of the intersection of lines formed by drawing a line through the main axis of at least two drops of blood that indicates the general area of the source of the blood spatter |
| points of origin | the points on the DNA strand in which the DNA polymerase starts to unzip the double helix. |
| red blood cells | Blood cells that carry oxygen from the lungs to the body cells. |
| satellite drop of blood | secondary drop formed when some blood breaks free from the main contact drop of blood |
| white blood cells | Blood cells that perform the function of destroying disease-causing microorganisms |
| Describe the composition of blood | Three types of cells: Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets |
| Define antigen and antibody | Antibodies and antigens can be either type a or b Antigens located on surface of red bloods cells and really what determines our blood type Antibodies are located in blood plasma |
| Describe an antigen-antibody reaction | When a foreign invader is recognized, this attack is carried out When antibodies attach to the foreign invader, agglutination, or clumping, occurs This concept is used to determine someone’s blood type |
| List the three different proteins found on red blood cells | ??????????????? |
| Describe how to determine someone’s blood type | Mix blood with 3 reagents including either of the 3 different antibodies, A, B or Rh Agglutination in any of the samples? YES: The blood contains that protein you are testing for NO: The blood does NOT contain that protein you are testing for |
| Explain why blood types provide class evidence and not individual evidence. | There are many people in the world with the same blood type so that blood type only narrows down the blood it can not pick out a specific person |
| Explain why does giving someone the wrong blood type result in an antigen- antibody reaction? Include in your answer the term agglutination. | ?????????????? |
| Distinguish between spikes and satellites on blood spatter. | spikes are connected to main drop while satellites are separate |
| Distinguish between blood spatter based upon blood dropping onto a smooth surface and a rough or textured surface. | Drops without the spikes: dropped on a smooth, non-porous surface Drops with spikes: dropped on a rough, porous surface |
| Given a series of blood spatter stains; be able to determine the direction that the blood was moving. | The drop starts where the tail points |
| Distinguish the difference between the six blood spatter patterns | ??????????????? |
| Explain why blood spatter looks different when dropped from a height of 30 cm compared to blood dropped from a height of 100 cm. | ???????????? |
| Given two blood spatter patterns, to be able to distinguish a difference between blood spatter stains if the source of the blood was coming from a gun versus the source of blood generated from a blow on the head. | The gun would have caused higher velocity so it would have smaller drops (fine mist) while the blow to the head's velocity would be lower velocity, causing larger drops |
| Given two blood spatter patterns, to be able to determine which blood spatter came from a gun fired at close range versus a gun fired from a distance. | ????????????? |
| Define lines of convergence in reference to blood spatter | ??????????? |
| Determine if a blood drop was dropped straight down based upon the shape of the drop at impact. | ???????? |
| Explain what happens to the shape of a blood spatter as you move from a 10-degree impact angle to a 60-degree impact angle. | ?????????? |
Created by:
jo_seal