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Prin. Acct. CH. 1
Terms and Definitions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Accounting | The information system that identifies ,records, and communicates the economic events of an organization to interested users. |
| Assets | Resources a business owns. |
| Balance Sheet | A financial statement that reports the assets, liabilities and owner's equity at a specific time. |
| Basic Accounting Equation | Assets = Liabilities + Owner's Equity |
| Corporation | A busines organized as a separate legal entity under state corporation law, having ownership divided into transferable shares of stock. |
| Cost Principle | An accounting principle that states that companies should record assets at their cost. |
| Drawings | Withdrawal of cash or other assets from an unincorporated business for the personal use of the owner(s). |
| Economic Entity Assuption | An assumption that requires that the activities of the entity be kept separate and distinct from the activities of its owner and all other economic entities. |
| Ethics | The standards of conduct by which one's actions are judged as right or wrong, honest or dishonest, fair or not fair. |
| Expenses | The cost of assets consumed or services used in the process of earning revenue. |
| Financial Accounting | The field of accounting that provides economic and financial information for investors, creditors and other external users. |
| Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) | A private organization that establishes generally accepted accounting principles. |
| Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) | Common standards that indicate how to report economic events. |
| Income Statement | A financial statement that presents the revenues and expenses and resulting net income or net loss of a company for a specific period of time. |
| International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) | An accounting standard-setting body that issues standards adopted by many countries outside of the United States. |
| Investments by Owner | The assets an owner puts into the business. |
| Liabilities | Creditor claims on total assets. |
| Managerial Accounting | The field of accounting that provides internal reports to help users make decisions about their companies. |
| Monetary Unit Assumption | An assumption stating that companies include in the accounting records only transaction data that can be expressed in terms of money. |
| Net Income | The amount by which revenues exceed expenses. |
| Net Loss | The amount by which expenses exceed revenues. |
| Owner's Equity | The ownership claim on total assets. |
| Owner's Equity Statement | A financial statement that summarizes the changes in owner's equity for a specific period of time. |
| Partnership | A business owned by two or more persons associated as partners. |
| Proprietership | A business owned by one person. |
| Revenues | The gross increase in owner's equity resulting from business activities entered into for the purpose of earning income. |
| Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) | Law passed by Congress in 2002 intended to reduce unethical corporate behavior. |
| Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) | A governmental agency that requires companies to file financial reports in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. |
| Statement of Cash Flows | A financial statement that summarizes information about the cash inflows (receipts) and cash outflows (payments) for a specific period of time. |
| Transactions | The economic events of a business that are recorded by accountants. |
| Auditing | The examination of financial statements by a certified public accountant in order to express an opinion as to the fairness of the representation |
| Forensic Accounting | An area of accounting that uses accounting, auditing, and investigative skills to conduct investigations into theft and fraud |
| Management Consulting | An area of public accounting ranging from development of accounting and computer systems to support services for marketing projects and merger and acquisition activities. |