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2025 Final Review
Review for Chemistry Final Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| elements are arranged this way on the current periodic table | increasing atomic number |
| number of valence electrons equals this | group number |
| center of atom where protons & neutrons are found | nucleus |
| these subatomic particles must be equal if atom is neutral | protons + electrons |
| change in number of protons | different element |
| change in number of neutrons | isotope |
| change in number of electrons | ion |
| innermost electrons are called this | core |
| outermost electrons are called this | valence |
| Cations are found where on the periodic table | 1A, 2A, 3A (+ d and f blocks) |
| Anions are found where on the periodic table | 5A, 6A, 7A |
| Type of chemical reaction: AB --> A + B | decomposition reaction |
| Type of chemical reaction: A + B --> A B | synthesis reaction |
| Type of chemical reaction: AB + CD --> AD + CB | double replacement reaction |
| Type of chemical reaction: AB + C --> CB + A (sometimes) | single replacement reaction |
| Compound made by a transfer of valence electrons | ionic |
| Compound made by sharing of valence electrons | covalent |
| How are ionic compounds named? | never use prefixes |
| How are covalent compounds named? | always use prefixes but never put "mono" on 1st anion |
| the sum of protons and neutrons | atomic mass |
| what element is the exception in group 1A (1) | H , not a metal |
| what element is the exception in group 8A (18) | He, stable with 2 valence electrons |
| 2 parts of an ionic compound | cation (metal) + anion (nonmetal) |
| 2 parts of a covalent compound | anion (nonmetal) + anion (nonmetal) |
| subatomic particle with positive charge | proton |
| subatomic particle with negative charge | electron |
| subatomic particle with no charge | neutron |
| study of matter and the changes it goes through | chemistry |
| horizontal rows on the periodic table (7) | periods |
| vertical columns on the periodic table (18) | groups/families |
| SI unit for length | meters (m) |
| SI unit for mass | kilograms (kg) |
| Rule that says that atoms of elements become stable with 8 valence electrons | octet |
| is conserved in every chemical reaction | molar mass ; energy ; # & type of atoms |
| numbers that are never changed to balance a chemical equation | subscripts |
| numbers that are placed in front of elements or compounds to balance a chemical equation | coefficients |
| chemical equation that is not balanced | skeleton |
| formula that uses the lowest whole number ratios | empirical |
| elements were arranged this way on the first periodic table | increasing atomic mass |
| last 2 things done after experiment is over | clean up + wash hands |
| Type of Chemical Reaction: CxHy + O2 --> CO2 + H2O | Combustion |
| 273 K ( or O C) AND 101.3 kPa ( or 1 atm) | STP conditions |
| SI unit for amount of substance | mole |
| Volume of 1 mole of any gas at STP conditions | 22.4 Liters |
| Movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration | diffusion |
| from 0 to 6 on pH scale ; release H+ ions | acids |
| from 8 to 14 on pH scale ; release OH- ions | bases |
| any substance with pH of 7 | neutral |
| this is done to convert Celsius degrees to Kelvin degrees | add 273 |
| PV = nRT | Ideal Gas Law |
| P1 x V1 = P2 x V2 | Boyle's Law |
| Ptotal = P1 + P2 + P3 .... | Dalton's Law |
| speeds up a chemical reaction in living things | enzyme |
| speeds up a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy | catalyst |
| diagram of the nucleus and electron shells of an atom | Bohr Model |
| diagram of only the valence electrons | Lewis Dot structure |
| diagram of all the electrons arranged | Electron configuration |
| electrons with a positive charge | cations |
| electrons with a negative charge | anions |
| reaction rate factor that only affects gases | pressure |
Created by:
cadetjt
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