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all of the following statements about a system as defined in environmental science are true EXCEPT
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which of the following is a correct statement?
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science final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| all of the following statements about a system as defined in environmental science are true EXCEPT | the various components tend to minimize interactions. |
| which of the following is a correct statement? | energy flows in one direction, while matter recycles |
| Which step in the hydrologic cycle distills or purifies water? (A) precipitation. (B) Runoff (C) Extraction (D) Evaporation | D |
| Positive feedback loop? (A) drives a system toward an extreme (B) It stabilizes the system | A |
| which rock type is formed from magma, for example, granite and basalt? (A) sedimentary (B) igneous (C) metamorphic (D) phosphorous | B |
| Sustainable development? (A) using resources to benefit future generations, even if it means lower availability now (B) Using resources to satisfy current needs without compromising future availability | B |
| which of the following is not a goal of environmental policy? (A) increased resource extraction (B) elimination of free riders (C) addressing external costs (D) promoting equity | A |
| Essential services, such as water purification, nutrient cycling, and plant pollination are all examples of earth's? (A) ecosystem services (B) nonrenewable resources (C) renewable resources | A |
| "Every time I see people carrying umbrellas, I also see car accidents." This is a__ (A) theory about car accidents (B) observation (C) hypothesis (D) scientific study | B |
| An experiment___ (A) often involves manipulating as many variables as possible (B) is designed to generate a new scientific hypothesis (C) is an activity designed to test the validity of a hypothesis | C |
| if a researcher wants to examine the effect of feeding a high calorie diet on an animal's weight which would be the independent variable? (A) the animal's weight gain (B) the high calorie diet | B |
| which statement describes or follows the concept of sustainability? | an example of sustainable use is that water extracted from underground resources must be equal to or less than the water that |
| Water ____ (A) more dense as a solid (B) molecules are non cohesive (C) can hold many molecules in solution (D) changes temperature rapidly | C |
| Which of these releases oxygen into the atmosphere ? (A) respiration (B) chemosynthesis (C) combustion of firewood (D) photosynthesis | D |
| Fold mountains such as the Himalayas would be found at (A) Divergent - constructive (B) convergent - continental continental | B |
| The surface of the earth over millions of years (A) high mountains gradually wear down until most of earth's surface is at sea level (B) high mountains gradually wear down as new mountains are formed over and over again | B |
| melting of rocks = (A) sedimentation (B) metamorphism (C) magmatism | C |
| high temperature changes that do not involve melting of rocks= (A) sedimentation (B) magmatism (C) metamorphism | C |
| what is a triple bottom line audit? (A) social economic and environmental audit (B) an audit of all the sporting resources of the business | A |
| A reason a corporation would pollute the environment? (A) the corp looks at its pollution as part of the production process rather than as wastes (B) the corp is a legal entity interested primarily in profitability for its shareholders, not env protection | B |
| Plants depend on what to make nitrogen available to them so they can incorporate nitrogen into organic compounds? (A) animals (B) bacteria | B |
| What is an entropy? | a measure of the amount of disorder or randomness in a thermodynamic system |
| inferential statistics | allow you to determine with confidence if differences in treatment groups truly exist |
| reproductive barriers between geographically separated population | allopatric speciation |
| fossils deposited in strata or layers, certain fossils are characteristic of specific time periods | index fossils |
| the most severe mass extinction | end of permian |
| periods of mass extinction as evidenced in the fossil record may have been caused by | periodic asteroid or comet impacts and plate tectonics and fusion of continents |
| carrying capacity of a pop is determined by its | limiting resources |
| exponential growth occurs when there is | no environmental resistance |
| the dif between habitat and niche is that niche is | the specific fundamental role of an organism |
| current leading cause of extinction | habitat loss |
| endemic species | found naturally in just one geographic area |
| one of the main ways a new species is formed | a group is separated from the rest of the species |
| fossils | the preserved remains or traces of organisms that lived in the past |
| species | group of similar organisms that can mate with one another and produce offspring |
| when using relative dating what evidence is most important | the position of fossils in sedimentary rock layers |
| least likely to experience extinction over long term | very stable habitats |
| in relation to natural selection, evolution is the | outcome |
| ___ drives TFR down social | social and economic security |
| demographic transition | the declines in death rates followed by decline in birth rates, occurring as a country economically develops |
| fossils found in the lowest or deepest geological stratum are generally most | primative |
| the long neck of a giraffe developed over time because the animals stretched their necks to reach food high in trees and then passed on a long neck to their offspring | lamarck |
| type of fossil that preserves movement | trace |
| most common rock type at earth's surface | sedimentary |
| radiometric dating | measuring abundances of parent to daughter isotope |
| which mass extinction killed off the dinosaurs | late cretaceous |
| sedimentary rocks form horizontally, and newer rocks take the shape of older, hardened rock | principle of superposition |
| fossil that is short lived and widespread | index fossil |
| accounts for the majority of the world's pop growth in recent years | technology, medicine, and food |
| areas that lack significant numbers of people and have a low pop density are most likely | sensitive areas least likely able to support high densities of people |
| an adaptation is a trait that helps an organism be more suited to its env | true |
| variation in a pop | caused by mutation, arise from recombo of genes during sexual reproduction, are essential to the natural selection process |
| darwin would not have used ____ evidence to support his hypothesis of common descent | biochemical |
| not a part of the process of natural selection | organisms limit the number of young they produce |
| ecosystem | species and the nonliving material they interact with |
| population | a group of individuals of a single species that live and interact in one area |
| humans have been able to raise the environments carrying capacity through | technology |
| scientists often depict their understanding of an organisms evolutionary ancestry in diagrams called | phylogentic trees |
| a species has evolved an asexual mode of reproduction by having offspring develop from unfertilized eggs. which of the following will be true of this species response to natural selection | there will be less genetic variation from recombo and a risk of not adapting quickly to env change |
| a coyote can alter its diet to match seasonal abundance of plants, fruits, or small animals and would therefore be considered | a generalist (flexibility) |
| accounts for the majority of the worlds pop growth in recent yrs | death rates have dropped due to technology, medicine, and food |
| high pop density can | increase disease transmission |
| density dependent factors | include the effects of disease, predators, and food on a single species within a community |
| which density dependent factor helps establish the carrying capacity | disease |
| ecosystem | species and the nonliving material they interact with |
| T/F) an extinct animal can make a comeback | F |
| If rock A cross cuts rock B then rock A is | younger than rock B |
| methods used by geologists to determine the general sequence of geological events from oldest to youngest are known as | relative dating |
| an example of an ecosystem | pond |
| solar radiation makes several other energy sources possible, including | wind energy |
| New renewables are | solar, wind geothermal |
| potential energy source from ocean is | ocean thermal energy |
| traditional uses of wind energy include | pumping water and grinding grain |
| US geothermal energy is most available in | the west |
| compared to the use of fossil fuels for generating electricity, wind energy | produces no exhaust pollutants and contributes little to global climate change |
| which of the following is a type of new renewable energy | wind power |
| the primary motivation to develop the new renewable energy sources comes from | concerns over diminishing fossil fuel supplies and negative environmental impacts of fossil fuel use |
| photovoltaic (PV) technology is best described as | using sunlight to generate electricity |
| biofuels and nuclear power may be proven useful as | energies to bridge the time between fossil fuel depletion and new renewables |
| whether using a food crop as a source of biofuels is environmentally sustainable depend upon all of the following except | the amount of water and land necessary for the crops |
| effects attributed to chernobyl | include increased incidence of thyroid cancer |
| ______ strongly influences the amount of energy generated from hydro power | the temp of water in the boiler and turbine |
| which of the following is a benefit of using nuclear power | few greenhouse gases are emitted |
| the major long term global problem with using coal to generate electricity is the | effect of released carbon dioxide on global climate |
| what is a growing concern related to sea level rise? | eroding shorelines in coastal areas |
| carbon dioxide is | the most abundant greenhouse gas |
| earths climate | is changing as a result of natural and human prossesses |
| the largest source of anthropogenic greenhouse gases in the US is_____ followed by _____ | electricity generation, transportation |
| in the near future, the benefits of biofuel production may be enjoyed while reducing the impact on the global production of grain. one such promising approach is to ____ | produce biofuels from gasses instead of corn |
| electricity from nuclear power plants is produced via____ | nuclear fission |
| the run of river approach to hydropower often involves ____ | diversion of a portion of a rivers flow through pipes |
| the earths atmosphere can cause global warming because | molecules in the atmosphere trap heat radiated from the earth's surface |
| which of the following are market mechanisms for addressing climate change? | cap and trade and carbon offsets |
| the US senate has so far opposed emissions reductions on the grounds that____ | it might hurt the economy |
| the most recent analyses of polar ice cores have given us the ability to profile global climate change back as far as ____ years | 800,000 |
| impacts of global warming including all of the following except | decrease in mortality because winter is warmer |
| when assessing energy resources, it is helpful to use a measure called EROI, which is_____ | energy returned divided by energy invested |
| carbon sequestration | involves converting carbon dioxide gas to a liquid form for storage in the ocean or underground |
| many developed nations have their economies closely tied to imported fossil fuels. one important consideration for those nations is that | their economy can be disrupted by the events and decisions made in fuel exporting nations |
| one of the problems with finding new fossil fuel deposits in developing countries is that | multinational companies often move in to harvest the new deposit, and very little money or resource remains in the country |
| natural gas | produces less carbon dioxide per energy unit than coal or oil |
| instead of only generating more electricity, rising energy demands may also be met by | increasing the efficiency of energy consumption |
| secondary extinction of petroleum | uses solvents, water, or steam |
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