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unit 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Matter | anything that has mass and volume |
| Atom | the smallest particle of an element that maintains the chemical characteristics of that element |
| Proton | the positive particle in the center of an atom |
| Neutron | the neutral particle in the center of an atom |
| Electron | the negative particle which orbits the center of the atom |
| valance electrons | the outermost layer of electrons which are involved in bonding |
| Electron Cloud/ Shells/Orbitals | the outermost portion of an atom where the electrons are housed |
| Nucleus | the center of the atom composed of neutrons and protons |
| Element | a substance of matter made of only one kind of atom (pure substance) |
| Period | a row of elements on the periodic table whose properties change gradually and predictably |
| Group/ Family | columns on the periodic table which have similar chemical properties (# of valence e-) |
| atomic number | A classifying number of an atom which indicates proton and electron count |
| Atomic Symbol | A shorthand letter symbol used to identify atoms. First letter is always capitalized. |
| Atomic Weight | the average weight of one atom of an element (protons + neutrons), based off of Carbon. |
| Molecule | neutral particle formed when atoms share electrons (can be elemental or compound based) |
| compound | substance that contains 2 or more different elements |
| chemical bond | when two or more atoms are held together by sharing or transferring electrons (stores energy) |
| Polar Molecule (Polar Bond) | a molecule/bond which has 2 charged sides |
| Non-polar Molecule (Bond) | a neutral molecule/bond with no charge |
| States of Matter | matter can change state based on temperature and resulting density of atoms: solid, liquid, gas |
| Chemical Reaction | a reaction in which energy causes a bond to be rearranged, and a new chemical substance is created |
| Physical Reaction | A change to the size or shape of a substance which does not create a new chemical substance |
| Law of Conservation of Mass | matter can neither be created nor destroyed |
| Exothermic Reaction | a chemical reaction which releases heat energy (gets hot) |
| Endothermic Reaction | a chemical reaction which requires energy to begin (gets cold) |
| Catalyst | a chemical which speeds up a reaction |
| Covalent Bond | a bond in which electrons are shared Ionic Bond - a bond in which electrons are transferred/taken |
| Metallic Bond | a bond in which electrons are pooled |
| mixture | a substance in which two or more chemical substances are combined but not bonded chemically |
| solution | a uniform mixture |
| solute | the substance being dissolved |
| solvent | the substance dissolving |
| boiling point | the temperature of the substance where the vapor pressure of the substance is equal to the surrounding air pressure |
| melting point | the temperature at which a substance changes state from solid to liquid at normal atmospheric pressure |
| solubility | the ability of a substance to dissolve in solution |
| isotope | atom with varying amounts of neutrons |
| ion | charged atom, as in an ionic bond |
| reactant | the portion of a chemical reaction that is changing |
| product | what results from a chemical reaction |
| saturated | a solution that has as much solute as possible |
| super-saturated | a solution with MORE than the normal amount of solute possible |
Created by:
megan_lacivita21
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