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fallacies
fallacies glossary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| anecdotal evidence (logos) | using a personal experience or an isolated example as the ONLY support for your argument |
| begging the question (logos) | repeating the claim with different words, trying to pass it off as support for the claim. you basically just described the claim more and using is as support |
| cardstacking (logos) | you subtly leave out inconvenient facts in order to bolster your argument |
| circular argument (circumlocution) (logos) | you restate the argument rather than actually proving it |
| composition/division (logos) | you assumed that one part of something has to be applied to all, or other, parts of it; or that the whole must apply to its partsq |
| Equivocation/ ambiguity (logos) | half-truth; a lie that is given an honest appearance so it will be accepted. often involves a double-meaning. logic is flawed because the audience is not receiving all of the facts. equivocating means to say one thing while seeming to say another. |
| fallacy fallacy (logos) | you presumed that because a claim has been poorly argued, or a fallacy has been made, that the claim itself must be wrong |
| hasty generalization (logos) | a conclusion drawn from insufficient or biased evidence. you are basically rushing to a conclusion before you have all the relevant facts |
| middle ground (logos) | you claimed that a compromise, or mid-point, between two extremes must be the truth |
| non sequitur ("it does not follow") (logos) | you drew a conclusion from something that does not strictly follow from the premise stated |
| no true scotsman (logos) | someone presented compelling evidence against your position. rather than adapting, you shifted the goalposts so that it wouldn't apply to a supposedly "TRUE" example |
| ignoring the question (logos) | you simply avoided answering questions because you had no good response. diversionary tactic |
| post hoc ergo propter hoc ("after this, therefore, because of this") (logos) | you concluded that if "B" occurred after "A", then "A" must have caused "B" (no correlation) |
| straw man (logos) | you oversimplify or misrepresent an opponent's viewpoint in order to attack that argument instead of dealing with the real one |
| Texas sharpshooter/ faulty causality/ false cause (logos) | you assume that a real or perceived relationship between events means that one caused the other (combining clusters of data) |
| appeal to sentiment (pathos) | you appeal to emotions specifically to distract the audience from hard facts which go against your claim or you appeal to the less appropriate emotions of humans ("squirrel") |
| bandwagon (pathos) | you have promoted a course of action simply because the majority of people are doing it |
| false dichotomy/ false dilemma/ black and white/ either/or (pathos) | you oversimplify an argument by reducing it to only two sides or choices. you then paint the preferred choice in the best light possible and/or predict ominous consequences for ignoring your warning. |
| lesser of two evils (pathos)(situational) | unless, of course your moral dilemma forces you to choose between only two available options |
| loaded question (pathos) | you asked a question that had a presumption built into it so that it couldn't be answered without appearing guilty |
| red herring (pathos) | you avoid the issue or some tough question by introducing a distraction (rabbit trail) |
| scare tactics (pathos) | you exaggerate possible dangers well beyond their statistical likelihood, in order to induce people to act in a certain way |
| scapegoating (pathos) | you have blamed a person a group of people for an unfavorable outcome or problem |
| slippery slope (pathos) (direct tv commercials) |
Created by:
accident_prone
Popular English Vocabulary sets