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Genetics Test Review
Pre-AP Bio Genetics Test Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Genetics | the study of heredity |
| Heredity | Traits being passed from parents to offspring |
| Phenotype | physical appearance |
| Genotype | genetic makeup (the allels of an individual) |
| Homozygous | genotype with 2 like allels |
| Heterozygous | genotype with 2 different allels |
| Dominant | expressed form of a trait |
| Recessive | "hidden" form of a trait |
| Who was Gregor Mendel | a monk considered "father of genetics" ; discovered dominant and recessive traits |
| What is Mendel's Law of Segregation | Organisms inherit 2 copies of each gene, 1 form from each gene, 1 from each parent ; 2 copies segregate during gamete formation |
| What is Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment? | allele pairs separate independently of each other during meiosis or gamete formation (meiosis), so different traits are inherited seperately |
| Know how to work a monohybrid and dihybrid punnett square | |
| Know how to do pedigrees Circle is female Square is male Half-shaded is carrier Full-Shaded has trait | |
| How does the DNA determine the traits of an organism? | Genes in the DNA encode proteins that produce different traits |
| What would one do to determine an unknown genotype of an organism? What is this called? | Cross it with the opposite phenotype; this is called test crossing. |
| If a trait is sex-linked, it is carried on which chromosome? | X chromosome |
| Will it occur more often in males or females? | Males (sex-linked trait) |
| Explain what codominance is. | Codominance is when 2 dominant alleles come together and both are displayed Yb |
| Explain what incomplete dominance is & give an example. | Incomplete dominance is when no trait is dominant and the phenotype of the individual is an intermediate trait. |
| The different types of blood are caused by what type of biomolecule located on the surface of the red blood cell? | carbohydrate |
| Varying traits are the result of a change in the DNA. What is this also known as? | mutation |
| What does multiple allele genes mean? | genes with 3 or more alleles |
| Give an example of a trait that has multiple alleles. | human blood type |
| What are all the Blood phenotypes and genotypes? | 1A1A or 1Ai = type A 1B1B or 1Bi = type B 1A1B = type AB :: = type O |
| What if the same lady from #27 produces a child with blood type AB. Does her husband have proof that she cheated on him? | Yes. For a child to have blood type AB with an AB mother, the father cannot be type O. |
| What is polygenic inheritance? Think back to Make a Baby lab! | many genes make phenotype |
| What are some examples of polygenic inheritance? | hair color; eye color; height |
| What is the difference between a monohybrid and dihybrid cross? | mono is one trait; di is 2 traits. |
| How many alleles does each parent have in a dihybrid cross? | 4 (2 for each gene) |
| What is the phenotype rations of this dihybrid cross? | 9:3:3:1 |
| Which one of Mendel's Laws are representative of a dihybrid cross? | Law of Independent Assortment |
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