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Animal Nutrition Q2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where is fat digested primarily and how? What is needed to do a good job? | Fats are primarily digested in the small intestine with the aid of bile. With bile fats are emulsified and broken down so the lipases can process the fat and form fatty acids and glycerol. |
| Why don't the protein digesting enzymes digest the cells that make them? | Specific in that they will break down proteins that match with the enzyme. The enzyme is not activated while in the cell that synthesized it. |
| How is digestion of carbohydrate different in the ruminant animal than the non ruminant? | R = multiple chambers for digestions, special microbes that break up CHO and regurgitate it for mastication and salivary amylase a second time. NR= don't have microbes near absorption spots. |
| How is digestion of protein different in the ruminant than the non ruminant? | R= protein is produced by the bacteria in fermentation in the rumen. NR protein digestion takes place in the stomach via pepsin and in the small intestine via pancreatic trypsin, chymotrypsin and carboypeptidase. |
| Why is NPN useless to nonruminants? | Any protein formed past the site of digestion and absorption of the small intestine is not used by the animal and is excreted in the feces. |
| What losses of nitrogen occur from the body? | Feces and Urine |
| Whis is the digestibility of nitrogen and the digestibility of protein the same thing? | nitrogen is only found in proteins. There for by determining the number (fraction) of nitrogen's in a protein correlates to the amount of protein itself. |
| What does endogenous mean? Is the secretion essential or not? | any material that is present and active in an individual organism or living cell but that originated inside that organism. = not essential. |
| What are the 2 different energy systems? | TDN and Calories |
| What is TDN and how is it calculated? | Total Digestible Nutrients. TDN = (digestible x CP)+( Digestible x CF)=(Digestible x NFE) + (Digestible x EE x 2.25) |
| What is gross energy? Determined by? | Total amount of heat to raise 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius. Includes all the energy in a feed and is not all available to the animal. Determined by how much heat is liberated upon combustion. |
| Digestible energy | Energy passes through the animal as undigested feed (feces). It is how much energy does not end up in the feces. (absorbed energy). |
| Metabolisable energy | Energy from the feed is lost via the urine and gass (Ruminants = methane). It is what is left after accounting for energy in the feces, urine and gases. (not all available to the animal to use) |
| Net energy | portion of energy the animal can really use. l Maintenance =( NEm) most effiecient needs must be met first Gain-=( NEg) (growth/fattening) not efficient Milk production= (NEl) Latation Energy left after (loss in feces, urine, gas and heat) |
| What is heat increment? | Energy lost in fermentation and in metabolic processes. |
| What is tannin and what feed is it present in? | Tannin is a polyphenol and it is found in sorghum plant. |
| Ergot is and found? | Alkaloid and it si found in the Rye plant. |
| Gossypol and what feed is is present in? | Toxic crystalline and it is found in sorghum plants. |
| Trypsin inhibitor and what feed is it present in? | A type of serine protease inhibitor that reduces the biological activity of trypsin and is found in the soybean plant. |
| Aflatoxin | toxic metabolites and it is found in corn and other grains associated with ground nut (peanut meal) |
| What feeding problems or toxicities are associated with soybean, cottonseed, rye, and grain sorghum? | Trypsin inhibitor, Gossypol, Erogt, Tannin. |
| What feeding problems or toxicities are associated with wheat, oats, barley, peanut meal, blood meal. | Celiac disease, disorder of the digestive tract (block intestines), Celiac disease, gluten sensitivity, allergies to cereal grains, diabetes Aflatoxin Neausea, drooling, vomiting. diarrhea, lethargy, pancreatitis, bloat |
| What is meant by grain quality? | Test weight, level of foreign material , color, fine and broken kernels. moisture. Level of energy, level of protein, lysine, availability of nutrients. |
| What is the effect of test weight on livestock feeding? | almost non if they can eat enough feed to meet their energy needs. |
| Deoxynivalenol affects? |
Created by:
nicashgall