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Chp 13 microbiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A condition in which pathogenic microorganisms penetrate host defenses, enter the tissues, and multiply | Infection |
| Cumulative effects of infection damage Disruption of tissues and organs Results in DISEASE | Pathologic state |
| Any deviation from health | Disease |
| What are the factors of disease? | Infections Diet Genetics Aging |
| Disruption of tissues or organs caused by microbes or their products | Infectious disease |
| Large and diverse collection of microbes living on and in the body Also known as normal flora EX: THINGS THAT LIVE IN THE INTESTINE | Normal biota |
| Human been contain 22000 protein encoding genes, microbes they inhabit humans contain 8 million | The human microbiome project |
| What are the benefits of normal Biota? | Influence the development of organs Prevent the overgrowth of harmful microorganisms |
| The general antagonistic effect "GOOD" microbes have against intruder microorganisms | Microbial antagonism |
| What is the importance of tge gut Biota? | The makeup of your intestinal Biota can influence many facets of your overall health |
| Differences in the gut microbiome have been preliminary associates with the difference in the risk for what? | Heart disease, asthma, autism, rheumatoid arthritis, even thoughts moods and propensity for mental illness |
| Cause by Biota already in the body Can occurred when normal Biota is introduced to a sit that was previously sterile | Endogenous infections |
| What is an example of an endogenous infection? | E.Coli entering the bladder, resulting in a UTI |
| Must know | A growing number of doctors and scientists believe fetuses are seeded with normal microBiota in UTERO |
| Must know | These microbes as important for healthy fill term pregnancies and healthy newborns |
| Must know | Breast milk contains around 600 species of bacteria and sugars babies can't digest |
| What is a microbes who elation ship with it host are Parasitic, which results in an infectious disease | Pathogen |
| Describes an organism potential to cause infection or disease | Pathogenicity |
| Capable of causing disease in healthy persons with normal immune systems | True pathogens |
| Can cause disease when: The hosts defenses are compromised When they become established in a part of the body that is not natural to them | Opportunistic pathogens |
| The relative severity of the disease caused by a particular microorganisms | Virulence |
| Any characteristic or structure of the microbes that contributes to toxin production or induction of an injurious host response | Virulence factor |
| Any system of biosafty categories adopted by the CENTER FOR DISEASE AND PREVENTION CDC based on the general degree of pathogenicity and the relatives danger in handling these pathogens | Biosafty Levels BSL |
| A characteristic route taken by a microbes to initiate infection Usually through skin or mucous membranes | Portal of entry |
| Originates from outside the body The environment, another person , or an animal | Exogenous |
| Already existing in the body Normal Biota or a previously silent infection | Endogenous |
| What are the sites of entry of infectious agent that enters the skkn?? | Nicks Abrasions Punctures, some tiny and in apparent Conjuctiva |
| Entry through food drinks or other ingested substances Adapted to survive digestive enzymes and abrupt pH changes | The gastrointestinal tract as a portal |
| What is the gateway to the respiratory tract | The respiratory portal |
| Gateways to the respiratory tract are | Oral cavity or the nasal cavity |
| Sexually transmitted infection are which portal of entry | Urogenital |
| Pathogens transmitted by sexually means Accounts for 4% of infections worldwide 13 million new cases in the US this year | STI |
| How do STI'Z went wrong the body | Penis External genitalia Vaginas Cervics Urethra |
| What pathogen infected pregnancy and birth | torch |
| A minimum number of microbes required for an infection to proceed | Infectious dose ID |
| A process by which microbes Gain a more stable foothold on host tissues | Adhesion |
| White blood cells that engulf and destroy pathogens by means of enzymes and antimicrobial chemicals | Phagocytes |
| Virulence factors used by pathogens to avoid phagocytes Circumvent some part of the phagocytic process | Antophagocytic factors |
| Structures products or capabilites that allow a pathogen to cause infection in the host | Virulence factors |
| Secreted by pathogenic bacteria fungi protozoa and worms Break down and inflict Damage on tissues | Exoenzymes |
| A specific chemical products of microbes plants and some animals that is poisonous to other organisms | Toxins |
| Secret for bad living bacterial cell to the infected tissue | Exotoxin |
| Not actively secreted Sheds from the outer membrane Only outdoor in gram negative bacteria | Endotoxin |
| Many cases of microbial disease are the result of indirect damage | Inducing of injurious hsr response |
| Microbes settle in a target organ and cause damage at the site | The process of infection and disease |
| Microbe enter the body and remain confined to a specific tissue | Localized infection |
| When an infection spreads to several sites and tissues fluid usually in the blood stream | Systematic infections |
| Exist when the infectious agent breaks loose from a local infection and is carries to the other tissue | Focal infection |
| Several agents established themselves simultaneously at the infection site | Mixed infection |
| Initial infection | Primary infection |
| Occurs when a primary infection is complicated by another infection caused by A different microbes | Secondary infection |
| Come on rapidly Habe short lived effects | Acute infection |
| Progress and persist over a long period of time | Chronic infection |
| Any objective evidence of a disease as noted by an observer | Sign |
| Subjective evidence of disease as sensed by the patient | Symptoms |
| A disease identified or defined by a diverting complex of signs and symptoms | Syndrome |
| Earliest symptoms of diseases | Inflammation |
| Accumulation of fluid in afflicted tissue | Edema |
| Walled off collections of inflammatory cells and microbes in the tissues | Granulomas and abscesses |
| Swollen lymph nodes | Lymphonidentis |
| Increase in the level of white blood cells | Leukocytosis |
| Decrease in the level of white blood cells | Leukopenia |
| General state in which microbes are multiplying in the blood and are present in large numbers | Septicemia |
| Small numbers of bacteria are present in the blood but not multiplying | Bacteremia |
| Presence of viruses in the blood whether or not they are actively multiplying | Viremia |
| Host is infected but does not manifest the disease | Subclinical or inapparent infections |
| Avenue of departure for pathogens to exit the host Secretion Excretion Discarded sloughed tissue | Portal of exit |
| Escape media for pathogens that infect the upper and lower respiratory tract Mucus sputum nasal drainage moist secretions | Respiration and salivary portals |
| The outer layer of skin and shapes is constantly being shed | Skin scales |
| Some intestinal pathogens cause irritation in the intestinal mucosa that increase the motility of the bowel | Fecal exit |
| Agents involved in STI leave the host in vaginally discharge or semen | Urogenital tract |
| A dormant state of an infectious agent | Latency |
| Long term or permanent damage to organs and tissues | Sequelae |
| The time from initial contact with the infectious agent to the appearance of first system | Incubation period |
| When the earlier notable symptoms of infection appear | Prodomal period |
| Infectious agent multiples at high levels and exhibits greatest virulence | Period of invasion |
| Patients respond to infection and symptoms decline | Convalescent stage |
| A permanent place for an infectious agent to reside | Reservoir |
| Distinct from Reservoir | Source |
| An individual who in conspicuously shelters a pathogen and can spread it to others without knowing | Carrier |
| In epidemiology a live animal that transmits an infectious agent from one host to another | Vector |
| Actively participates in a pathogens life cycle | Biological vector |
| Nyalovesyou@aol.com eccesartt to the life cycle of an infectious agent | Mechanical vector |
| An infectious indigenous to animals but naturally transmissible to humans | Zoonosis |
| Microbes have adapted to nearly every habitat in the biosphere | Nonliving Reservoir |
| Occurs when an infected host can transmit the infectious agent to another host and establish infection in that host | Communicable disease |
| The agent is highly communicable especially though direct contact | Contagious |
| Does not arise through transmission of the infectious agent from host to host | non communicable |
| Disease is spread through a population from one infected individual to another | Horizontal transmission |
| Transmission from patent to offspring via ovum supermarket placenta or milk | Vertical transmission |
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CaylahMone