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Leg, patella, femur
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the position of the femoral condyles when the leg is properly positioned for an AP projection? | Parallel to the IR |
| How far should the IR extend beyond the ankle or knee joint for an AP projection of the leg? | 1 ½”: if both joints will not fit on one image then two will need to be done. |
| How is the foot positioned for the AP Leg? | Foot should be dorsiflexed (like AP ankle) |
| Where is the CR located for the AP and AP Oblique projections of the knee? | ½” inferior to the apex of the patella |
| When the knee is properly positioned for an AP projection, the patella will lie: | slightly to the medial side |
| When the ASIS to tabletop measurement is between 19 and 24 cm, the CR angulation for an AP knee is: | 0 degrees: perpendicular: Less than 19cm = 3-50 caudad 19cm-24cm = 00 More than 24cm = 3-50 cephalad |
| How much should the leg be flexed for a lateral projection of the knee? | 20º-30º |
| How is the CR directed for the lateral projection of the knee : | 5-7 degrees cephalad and directed 1” distal to the medial epicondyle |
| Which projections of the knees best demonstrate the narrowing of a joint space? | AP of both knees with weight-bearing |
| Valgus and varus deformities of the knee can be evaluated with which of the following projections? | AP, bilateral weight-bearing |
| For an AP oblique projection of the knee, the limb is rotated: | 45 degrees |
| Which articulation is demonstrated on an AP oblique projection of the knee in medial rotation that is not demonstrated open in any other Knee projection? | Proximal tibiofibular articulation |
| What methods are used to demonstrate the intercondylar fossa? | Homblad, Camp-Coventry, and Beclere |
| How much is the knee joint flexed for the PA axial projection (Holmblad method) of the intercondylar fossa? | 70 degrees from horizontal |
| How is the CR directed for the PA axial projection (Holmblad method) of the intercondylar fossa? | Perpendicular to the lower leg |
| How is the leg and CR positioned for the PA Axial Comp Coventry? | Leg flexed 40 to 50 degrees CR angled 40 to 50 degrees caudal, perpendicular to the lower leg and entering the popliteal region |
| How is the CR directed for the AP Axial Intercondylar fossa Beclere? | Angled cephalic and perpendicular to the lower leg |
| In order to place the patella parallel with the plane of the IR for a PA projection, the heel may need to be rotated: | 5º-10º laterally |
| What is the CR angle for a PA projection of the patella? | 0 degrees; perpendicular |
| Where should the CR be directed for a PA projection of the patella? | midpopliteal area |
| How much is the knee flexed for a lateral projection of the patella? | 5-10 degrees |
| What is the CR angle for a lateral projection of the patella? | 0 degrees; perpendicular |
| Where does the CR enter the knee for a lateral projection of the patella? | through the patellofemoral joint space |
| The preferred method of positioning the patient for the tangential projection (Settegast method) of the patella is: | prone |
| How far should the knee be flexed for the tangential projection (Settegast method) of the patella when done in the prone position? | As much as possible and until the patella is perpendicular to the IR |
| Where is the CR directed for the tangential projection (Settegast method) of the patella? | through the patellofemoral joint space |
| What is the degree of angulation for the tangential projection of the patella (Settegast method)? | variable—depending on the degree of knee flexion: usually 15-20 if knee is flexed 90. |
| How many degrees should the limb be internally rotated for an AP projection of the femur? | 15º |
| How far should the IR extend below the knee for a lateral projection of the femur? | 2 inches |
| If a lateral projection of the femur will include the hip joint, where should the top of the IR be placed? | At the level of the ASIS |
| How far should the patient be rolled posteriorly from the lateral position, for a lateral projection of the hip that will include the proximal femur? | 10º-15º |
| The tibial plateaus slope: | posteriorly 10º-20° |
| On the anterior surface of the tibia is a prominent process called the | tibial tuberosity |
| When the femur is vertical, the medial condyle is lower than the lateral condyle. How many degrees difference is there between the two? | 5-7 degrees |
| Posteriorly, the femoral condyles are separated by a deep depression called the: | intercondylar fossa |
| Where is the CR directed for an AP projection of knees—weight-bearing? | ½ inch below the apices of the patellae |
| If the knee is angled 40º for the PA axial intercondylar fossa (Camp-Coventry) projection, the CR will be angled: | 40 degrees; If the knee is angled 50 then the CR will be angled to 50 degrees. |
| For the medial oblique position of the ankle: | The leg and foot are rotated medially true The central ray is directed vertically midway between the malleoli True |
| When the lateral knee projection is performed: | The patient turns onto the affected side true The knee is flexed 20-30 degrees true The central ray enters the knee joint inferior to the medial condyle true; 1” distal to the medial epicondyle |
| For the AP Projection of the femur: | The limb is rotated medially 15 degrees |
| In which of the following projections will the talocalcaneal joint be visualized? | Dorsoplantar projection of the foot Plantodorsal projection of the os calcis <------- Medial oblique position of the foot Lateral foot |
| In which projection of the foot is the sinus tarsi, cuboid, and tuberosity of the fifth metatarsal best demonstrated | The AP projection medial oblique: |
| In which of the following positions can the sesamoid bones of the foot be demonstrated free of superimposition wiht the metatarsals or phalanges? | B. Tangential metatarsals/toes |
| Tangential Projections of the patella can be obtained in which of the following positions? | Supine flexion 450 (merchant) Prone flexion 900 (settegast) Prone flexion 550 (hughston) All of them |
| In the lateral projection of the ankle, the : | Talotibial joint is visualized Tibia and fibular are superimposed |
| What is demonstrated in Holmblad? | the intercondylar fossa and posteroinferior articular surfaces of the condyles of the femur, as well as the medial and lateral intercondylar tubercles of the intercondylar eminence and tibial plateaus in profile |
| What does Camp-Coventry demonstrate? | intercondylar fossa and posteroinferior articular surfaces of the condyles of the femur, as well as the medial and lateral intercondylar tubercles of the intercondylar eminence and tibial plateaus in profile |
| What does beclere demonstrate? | intercondylar fossa, intercondylar eminence, and knee joint |
| What is demonstrated in lateral patella? | a lateral projection of the patella and patellofemoral joint space |
| What is demonstrated in tangential hughston? | subluxation of the patella and patellar fractures and allows radiologic assessment of the femoral condyles. Hughston recommended that both knees be examined for comparison |
| What is demonstrated in tangential merchant? | an axial projection of the patellae and patellofemoral joints (Fig. 6-156). Because of the right-angle alignment of the IR and central ray, the patellae are seen as nondistorted, albeit slightly magnified, images. |
| What is demonstrated in tangential settegast? | vertical fractures of bone and the articulating surfaces of the patellofemoral articulation |
Created by:
rcervantes3