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Physics Unit 6
Heat
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| temperature | a measure of the average translational kinetic energy per molecule in a substance, measured in degrees (C, F, or K) |
| absolute zero | the lowest possible temperature that a substance may have- the temperature at which molecules of the substance have their minimum kinetic energy |
| heat | the energy that flows from a substance of higher temperature to a substance of lower temperature, commonly measured in calories or joules |
| internal energy | the total of all molecular energies, kinetic plus potential, that are internal to a substance |
| specific heat capacity | the quantity of heat per unit mass required to raise the temperature of a substance by 1 degree C |
| conduction | the transfer of heat energy by molecular & electron collisions within a substance ( especially a solid) |
| convection | the transfer of heat energy in a gas or liquid by means of currents in the heated fluid; the fluid moves carrying energy with it |
| radiation | the transfer of energy by means of electromagnetic waves |
| terrestrial radiation | the radiation emitted by Earth to outer space |
| Newton's Law of Cooling | the rate of loss of heat from a warm object is proportional to the temperature difference between the object & its surroundings |
| greenhouse effect | warming of the lower atmosphere by short wavelength radiation from the Sun that penetrates the atmosphere, is absorbed by the Earth, & is reradiated at longer wavelengths that cannot easily escape Earth's atmosphere |
| solar constant | 1400J/m^2 received from the Sun each second at the top of Earth's atmosphere on an area perpendicular to the Sun's rays; expressed in terms of power, 1.4kW/m^2 |
| solar power | energy per unit time received from the Sun |
| evaporation | the change of phase from liquid to gaseous; a cooling process |
| sublimation | the change of phase from solid to gaseous, bypassing the liquid phase |
| condensation | the change of phase from gaseous to liquid; a warming process |
| boiling | the rapid evaporation that takes place within a liquid as well as at its surface; a cooling process |
| regelation | the process of melting under pressure & then subsequently refreezing when the pressure is removed |
| heat pump | a device that transfers heat out of a cool environment & into a warm environment |
| latent heat of fusion | the amount of energy required to change a unit mass of a substance from solid to liquid (and released in the reversed process) |
| latent heat of vaporization | the amount of energy required to change a unit mass of a substance from liquid to gas (and released in the reversed process) |
Created by:
ginaliane
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