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The muscular system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Skeletal muscle: voluntary or involuntary? | Voluntary |
| Connective tissue that surrounds each skeletal muscle | Epimysium |
| To shorten with force | Contractility |
| Thin myofilaments, similar to two strands of pearls twisted together | Actin myofilaments. |
| The capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus | Excitability |
| actin and myosin myofilaments form highly ordered units called what? | sarcomeres |
| Adenosine triphosphate | ATP |
| Adenosine diphosphate | ADP |
| Well adapted to perform anaerobic metabolism, fatigued quickly | fast-twitch fibers |
| muscles that work in opposition to one another are? | Antagonist |
| stationary end of the muscle; head | origin |
| the portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion | belly |
| the ability to be stretched | extensibility |
| thick myofilaments, resembles a bundle of golf clubs | myosin myofilaments |
| a connective tissue located outside the epimysium surrounds and separates muscles | fascia |
| threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other | myofilbrils |
| Equal distance; length of muscle does not change, amount of tension increases during contraction | isometric |
| end of the muscle undergoing the most movement | insertion |
| cardiac muscle: voluntary or involuntary? | involuntary |
| smooth muscle: voluntary or involuntary? | involuntary |
| What are the three types of muscles in the body? | Skeletal, cardiac, smooth |
| What is the perimysium? | Connective tissue that surrounds groups of 10â100 individual muscle fiber separating them into bundles called fascicles |
| What is the endomysium | A thin layer of connective tissue that surrounds each much of fiber |
| Where are smooth muscles found in the body? | Walls of hollow organs in the digestive system, blood vessels, and urinary system |
| What regulates cardiac muscle contraction | Involuntary contraction |
| What are the functions of muscle? | Producing movement, maintaining posture, stabilizing joints and generating heat |
| What is sarcolemma? | Specialized plasma membrane of muscle cells |
| What is the function of sarcoplasmic reticulum? | Stores calcium |
| What is the neurotransmitter for muscle contraction? | Acetylcholine (ACh) |
| What is the energy needed for muscle contraction? | Stored ATP |
| What types of muscles are involuntary? | Smooth and cardiac |
| What type of muscle at striated? | Skeletal and cardiac |
| What type of muscle is voluntary? | Skeletal |
| What type of muscle has intercalated discs? | Cardiac |
| Where is glycogen stored in muscle cells? | In glycosomes |
| What is the cytoplasm of the muscle cell? | Sarcoplasm |
| What is the light area of the sarcomere? | I band |
| What structure attached a bone to a muscle? | Tendon |
| What proteins are on actin? | Tropomysin and troponin |
| What is the H band? | The center part of the sarcomere that get smaller when a muscle contracts appears when the muscle relaxes |
| What ion stimulates the contraction of muscle? | Calcium |
| What is the function of skeletal muscle? | Movement of bones |
| What type of muscle forms most of the heart? | Cardiac |
| What type of muscle exhibits autorhythmicity? | Cardiac |
| What type of muscle forms the walls of the hollow inner internal structures? | Smooth |
| What type of muscles has a striped appearance? | Skeletal and cardiac |
| What is the contractile unit of muscle | Sarcomere |
| Another name for muscle cell | Muscle fiber |
| What is the muscles ability to be stressed back to its original length by contraction of an opposing muscle | Extensibility |
| What is a cross bridge? | The connection of the myosin head group 2 in Actin filaments during muscle contraction |
| The ability of a muscle to recoil after being stretched | Elasticity |
| A sarcomere is the distance between ___? | Z discs |
| Both actin and myosin are found in the ___ | A band |
| What is troponin? | A regulatory protein that moves tropomyosin aside and exposes myosin binding sites were CA plus is released during muscle contraction |
| What causes striations of skeletal muscles? | Arrangements of myofilaments |
| What are striations? | The light and dark stripes in skeletal and cardiac muscles |
| What is tropomyosin | It is a long, fibrous protein that winds around the Actin polymer, blocking all the myosin â binding sites |
| What is myoglobin? | A protein that holds a reserve supply of oxygen in muscle cells |
| What is sarcoplasmic reticulum? | An elaborate network of membranes in skeletal muscle cells that functions in calcium storage |
| What is sarcoplasm? | The cytoplasm of a striated muscle fiber |
| What is the neuromuscular junction? | Point of contact between a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle cell |
| What is glycogen? | A complex carbohydrate consisting of stored glucose molecules in skeletal muscles |
| What is a fascicle? | A bundle of skeletal muscle cells. Fascicles group together to form skeletal muscles. |
| What is the origin of a muscle? | Less moveable of the two bones is considered to be the starting point of the muscle |
| What is the insertion of a muscle? | The end of a muscle attached to a movable part |
| What is an aponeurosis? | Broad, flat, sheet like connective tissue that connects muscles to a bone or another muscle |
| What is the M-line? | Supporting proteins that hold the thick filaments together in the H zone |
| What is the sliding filament theory? | Theory that actin filaments slide toward each other during muscle contraction, while the myosin filaments are still |
| What is titin? | Elastic protein, keeps thick and thin filaments aligned |
| List the structures in order from largest to smallest- sarcomere, myofibrils, muscle, acitin and myosin, muscle fibers, fascicle. | Muscle, fascicles, muscle fibers, myofibrils, sarcomere, actin and myosin |
| What is the function of calcium ions in the muscle contraction? | When released from the SR, they stimulate the reaction leading to muscle contraction by attaching to regulatory proteins on actin |
| What is action potential? | Electrical impulse that travels down the axon triggering the release of neurotransmitters. |
| What is a cross bridge? | The connection of a myosin head group to and actin filament during muscle contraction (the sliding filament theory) |
| What is a Myofilament? | Threadlike structures found in myofibrils which aid in coctraction, composed of myosin and actin. |
| Define muscular system | And organ system consisting of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles. It permits movement of the body, maintains posture, and circulates blood throughout the body |
Created by:
Triston_agee