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communication notes
com theory note 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pluralistic ignorance | happens when personal observations of public opinion are distorted or inaccurate |
| Maria reads in the morning paper that the price of gasoline is about to increase. On her way to work, she hears the same story on the local radio station. This is an example of which characteristic of the news media? | cumulativeness |
| all of these characteristic of news media allows for majority opinions to be heard over minority viewpoints? | ubiquity cumulativeness consonance |
| Noelle-Neumann argues that the media provide _____________ to people so they can confidently speak about a subject. | words and phrases |
| marshall believes anyone caught drinking and driving should lose their driver's license. He compares his opinion to the results of a recent poll and finds that he holds the minority opinion on this topic. | Spiral of silence theorists would predict that Marshall will decide to remain silent on the issue |
| All of the following are assumptions of Spiral of Silence | Society threatens deviant individuals with isolation; fear of isolation is pervasive. The fear of isolation causes individuals to try to assess the climate of opinion at all times. Public behavior is affected by public opinion assessment. |
| Noelle-Neumann defines _________ as the attitudes or behaviors one must express in public if one is not to isolate oneself. | public opinion |
| In his study that asked participants to indicate which of the lines on the right of the sheet were equal in length to the line on the left side, Asch discovered | participants gave the wrong answer after hearing several other individuals give the wrong answer |
| Spiral of Silence Theory suggests that humans have an aversion to discussing topics that do not have the support of the majority of people. | True |
| The hard core are part of the vocal majority. | False |
| Cultivation theory (CT) | makes a causal argument linking television viewing and perceptions of social reality |
| For cultivation theorists, television is unique compared to other mass media because it | requires no literacy is often free is ageless |
| Between 1993 and 1996, there was a 20 percent decrease in the homicide rate in the United States. During this same time, the number of homicide stories on the news | increased by 721 percent |
| _____ occurs when television's symbols dominate other sources of information and ideas about the world. A) | Mainstreaming |
| Learning values and assumptions from the media is also called | second order effects |
| Gerbner's 3 Bs of television? | blurs blends bends |
| Cultivation theory is a critical theory because it | is concerned with the way media perpetuate the dominance of one group over another |
| Gerbner argues that most stories in modern society come from | television |
| Which communication traditions are most closely associated with CT? | socio-cultural and critical |
| Cultivation theory has helped to explain the implications of television viewing habits in a wide variety of areas including racism, fear of victimization, affluence, and alienation. | True |
| Cultural Studies is a theoretical perspective that | focuses on how culture is influenced by powerful, dominant groups |
| Hall argues that ________ include(s) the languages, concepts, and categories different social groups use in order to make sense of their environments. | ideology |
| The notion that audiences are not always willing and compliant pawns of the dominant class relates to which of the following concepts? | counter-hegemony |
| Marx believed that being powerless can lead to _________, or the psychological condition whereby people begin to feel they have little control over their future. | alienation |
| Cultural Studies Theory argues that media are | powerful tools for the elite to use to maintain dominant ideologies |
| Cultural Studies Theory is a theoretical perspective that focuses on how culture is influenced by powerful, dominant group | True |
| Cultural Studies differs from classical Marxist Theory because it | has integrated a variety of perspectives including the arts, humanities, and social sciences has expanded the notion of the subordinate beyond laborers) elaborates on Marx's notion of what constitutes everyday |
| These groups could be described as engaging in decoding the mainstream war coverage from which position? | oppositional |
| Gramsci's work was based on Marx's idea of ___________, the notion that people are unaware of the domination in their lives. | false consciousness |
| Power operates at only a few levels in humanity. | False |
| The group that holds the power in the culture is referred to as the _________ group. | dominant |
| Shirley Ardener discovered that women explain their mutedness as being a result of men's | deafness |
| One of the primary factors contributing to the differences in the ways that women and men experience the world, | women's and men's different experiences are rooted in the division of labor |
| Labeling women's talk as "gossip," "chatter," "nagging," or "whining" is a type of silencing referred to as | ridicule |
| he events that take place in a wedding ceremony are often perceived as serving the function of silencing women. This exemplifies which process of silencing? | ritual |
| _________ refers to verbal threats of men and their nonverbal control of public places. | ) Street harassment |
| One ultimate goal of Muted Group Theory is to | change the system of language that serves men more than women |
| The central premise of MGT as given in the text is that: | members of marginalized groups are silenced and rendered inarticulate as speakers. |
| Social hierarchy and class are often factors used to determine whose language will dominate. | True |
| Women sometimes engage in the process of silencing one another. | True |
| Feminist Standpoint Theory focuses on the central concept of _________ and how it shapes our communication with others. | power |
| The person whose thought is credited with inspiring the original development of Standpoint Theory is: | Hegel |
| according to FST, the assignment of people to different tasks on the basis of sex and the exploitation that results from inequities in wages is called: | sexual division of labor |
| The standpoint of _________ has served to dominate research and silence other standpoints. | white, middle-class males |
| _________ refers to a location, shared by a group, within the social structure that lends a particular kind of sense making to a person's lived experiences. | Standpoint |
| The communication context associated with FST is: | cultural |
| According to FST, standpoints come from: | resisting those in power |
| When it is said that those in the lowest positions in the hierarchy are best able to understand the social system as a whole in addition to their own place in it, those in the lowest positions are considered to possess the greatest: | accuracy |
| Standpoint epistemology is based on the assumption that no knowledge can be truly objective. | True |
| Standpoint Theory can be used to analyze a variety of standpoints, not just those related to gender. | True |
Created by:
agrimes0831