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Physics: Units 1-4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Physics | A branch of science that studies the physical world |
| Mechanics | A branch of physics that deals with the motion of material objects |
| Thermodynamics | A branch of physics concerned with heat and temperature in relation to energy and work |
| Vibrations/Waves | A branch of physics relating to elastic and/or wave movement |
| Optics | A branch of physics involving the behavior and properties of light |
| Electromagnetism | A branch of physics relating to magnetism and electric currents |
| Relativity | the dependence of physical actions on the relative motion of the observer and of observed objects |
| Quantum Mechanics | the branch of mechanics that deals with the motion and interaction of subatomic particles |
| Scientific Method | a method of procedure consisting of: observation, measurement, experiment, as well as the formulation, testing, and modification of a hypothesis |
| Model | an evidence based representation of something that is either to difficult of impossible to display directly |
| System | a portion of the physical universe chosen for observation |
| Hypothesis | an idea of explanation that is tested through study and experimentation |
| Controlled Experiment | an experiment where only one variable is changed at a time in order to isolate the results |
| Measurement | the assignment of a number to a property of an object that is being observed |
| Standard | a level of quantity that is desirable for measurement |
| SI System | units of a basic measure set that all other measurements are based off of |
| Dimensional Consistancy | an equation that when broken down to SI units is equal |
| Accuracy | the condition or quality deemed to be correct and true |
| Precision | the condition of being exact |
| Significant Figures | digits in a number that are certain and contain meaning |
| Derived Unit | derived quantities that are obtained by the base SI units |
| Curve of Best-Fit | a line drawn in with a series of points that most closely represents the pattern of the points |
| Dimensional Analysis | a method for comparing the dimensions of different physical qualities |
| Order-of-Magnitude Estimations | an exponential change in the value or quantity of a unit |
| Frame of Reference | a basis that is used for observation and description of physical phenomenon |
| Distance | a scalar quantity of how much ground the object has covered |
| Displacement | a vector quantity that is the how far out of place an object is, along with direction |
| Speed | a scalar quantity that is the rate at which an object covers distance |
| Velocity | a vector quantity that is the rate at which an object covers distance, but includes the direction |
| Average Velocity | the displacement of an object divided by the time at which it takes the object to be displaced |
| Instantaneous Velocity | the velocity of an object in motion at a specific point in time |
| Initial Velocity | the velocity of an object before acceleration |
| Final Velocity | the velocity of an object after acceleration |
| Acceleration | the rate of change in the velocity of an object over a given amount of time |
| Negative Acceleration | an object moving in a negative direction with a negative velocity |
| Positive Acceleration | when an object is moving in a positive direction with a positive velocity |
| Free-fall | a body with only the force of gravity acting on it |
| Kinematics | a branch of mechanics that considers objects without looking at their masses or the forces acting on them |
| Scalar | quantities described by a number |
| Vector | quantities described by a number and direction |
| Resultant | a combination of two or more single vectors |
| Pythagorean Theorem | a theorem saying that the square of the hypotenuse of a right triangle is equal to the squares of the legs added together |
| x-component of a vector | a horizontal component in a right triangle |
| y-component of a vector | a vertical component of a right triangle |
| Projectile | any object that once projected or dropped moves with its own inertia and the only force acting on it is gravity |
| Projectile Motion | a movement of a projectile in the path of a parabola |
| Trajectory | the path a projectile follows |
| Range | the maximum horizontal distance a projectile travels |
| Relative Velocity | the vector difference between the velocities of two bodies |
| Force | a push or pull |
| Contact Force | a push or pull resulting from physical contact |
| Field Force | gravity or magnetism |
| 4 Fundamental Forces | weak interaction, strong interaction, gravitation, elecrtomagnetism |
| Inertia | tendency of an object to resist a change of motion |
| Newton's 1st Law of Motion | an object will not experience a change in motion without a net external force |
| Newton's 2nd Law of Motion | acceleration of an object is proportional to net force and inversely proportional to the mass |
| Newton's 3rd Law of Motion | Every action has an equal and opposite reaction |
| Net Force | a sum of all forces acting on an object |
| Equilibrium | the net force acting on an object is 0 |
| Mass | the quantity of matter without regard to the forces acting on it |
| Weight | a measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object |
| Normal Force | a force that acts from a surface in a direction perpendicular to the surface |
| Friction | force resisting motion |
| Static Friction | force that resists the initiation of sliding motion between two surfaces that are in contact and at rest |
| Kinetic Friction | force opposing relative movement between two surfaces that are in contact and sliding |
| Coefficient of Friction | ratio of friction to the normal force |
| Air Resistance | a force caused by air pulling the object in the opposite direction |
| Terminal Velocity | constant velocity achieved when an accelerating force is balanced by air resistance |
| Work | product of the component of the force along with the direction of displacement and magnitude |
| Energy | the ability to cause change |
| Kinetic Energy | energy an object has due to motion |
| WKE Theorem | the net work done by all forces acting on an object is equal to the change in the object's kinetic energy |
| Potential Energy | energy associated with an object due to position, shape or condition |
| Gravitational Potential Energy | stored in gravitational fields of interacting bodies |
| Spring Potential Energy | energy available for use when a deformed elastic object returns to its original configuration |
| Spring Constant | stiffness of a spring, resistance to being stretched |
| Mechanical Energy | sum of kinetic energy and all forms of potential energy |
| Non-Mechanical Energy | nuclear, chemical, internal, electrical energy |
| Conservation of Mechanical Energy | in the absence of friction, the total mechanical energy of a system remains the same |
| Conservation of Total Energy | the total energy of an isolated system remains constant, and is only just converted to other forms |
| Power | a quantity that measures the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred (watt) |
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17fermar
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