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Chemistry Ch 7 Vocab
#LCA #Chemistry #Chapter7
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Valence Bond Theory | The concept that covalent bonds are formed when orbital of different a toms overlap; also called the localized electron theory |
| Sigma bond | A hybrid bond in which an s and p orbital overlap end to end |
| Pi bond | A bond in which there is a side-by-side overlap of the orbitals |
| resonance | A molecular property where instead of oscillating between two different bond regions, the bonds take o n an intermediate character |
| molecular orbital theory | A bonding theory that suggests that the orgbitals of a molecule's atoms are replaced by totally new orbitals when a molecule forms. These orbitals, both bonding and non-bonding, are linear combinations o f the atomic orbitals. |
| VSEPR (valence shell electron pair repulsion) | A theory stating that because of electron-electron repulsion, the electron orbitals in molecules are arranged so that they are as far apart as possible around the central atom |
| tetrahedral | A structural arrangement in which four areas of electron density surround a central atom are oriented toward the corners of a four-sided pyramid |
| trigonal planar | A structural arrangement in which three particles surrounding a central particle are oriented toward the corners of a flat triangle |
| linear | a structural arrangement in which particles are positioned in a straight line |
| hybridization | The process of forming new kinds of orbitals with equal energies from a combination of orbitals of different energies |
| pyramidal | a structural arrangement in which three particles and an unshared electron pair surrounding a central particle are oriented toward the corners of a four sided pyramid |
| bent | A structural arrangement in which two particles are bonded to a central particle nonlinearly |
| polar covalent bond | A chemical bond that has partially positive and partially negative ends because of unevenly shared electrons. All bonds between nonidentical atoms are polar |
| dipole moment | The vector sum of the distance between charges and the strength of the charges; a measure of all bond polarities that exist within a molecule |
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