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Chapter 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Dystonia | a condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movement |
| Hypertrophy | increase in size and strength of muscles through nourishment and exercise |
| Abduction | the movement of a limb or other part away from the midline of the body |
| Hypotonia | a condition in which there is diminished tone of the skeletal muscles |
| Flexion | decreasing the angle between two bones by bending at a joint |
| Adduction | is the movement of a body part toward the midline |
| Hyperextension | the extreme or overextension of a limb or body part beyond its normal position |
| Extension | increasing the angle between two bones or straightening a limb |
| Rotation | a circular movement around an axis such as a shoulder joint |
| Bradykinesia | extreme slowness in muscle movements |
| Ataxia | lack of muscle coordination during movement |
| Contracture | the permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments and skin. Connective tissues are replaced with non elastic fibrous tissues |
| Intermittent Claudication | pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relived by rest |
| Circumduction | the circular movement at the far end of a limb |
| -trophy | nourishment, nutrients |
| a- | without |
| Atrophy | weakness by wearing away of body tissues and structures |
| Myocardial/Cardiac Muscle | form muscular walls of the heart |
| Smooth Muscle | located in the walls if the internal organs, blood vessels, and ducts leading from glands |
| Skeletal Muscle | attached to bones, making motions possible, voluntary muscle |
| Heel Spur | a calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the calcaneus bone that can be one of the causes of plantar fasciitis |
| Epicondylitis | inflammation of the tissue surrounding the elbow (tennis elbow) |
| Tenolysis | the release of a tendon from adhesions; also know as tendolysis |
| Tenodesis | the surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone |
| ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o | tendon |
| my/o, myos/o | muscle |
| tri- | three |
| ton/o | tone, stretching, tension |
| tax/o | coordination, order |
| -plegia | paralysis, stroke |
| -paresis | partial or incomplete paralysis |
| kines/o, kinesi/o | movement |
| -ic | pertaining to |
| -ia | pertaining to |
| fibr/o | fibrous tissue |
| fasci/o | fascia, fibrous band |
| -cele | hernia, tumor, swelling |
| Nocturnal Myoclonus | jerking of the limbs that can occur normally as a person is falling asleep |
| bi- | twice, double, two |
| Hemiparesis | slight or temporary paralysis of one side of the body |
| Spasmodic Torticollis | a stiff neck due to contraction of neck muscles pulling the head toward one shoulder |
| Myoparesis | a weakness or slight muscle paralysis |
| Ergonomics | the study of human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the environment |
| dyskinesia | distortion or impairment of voluntary muscle movement such as a tic or spasm |
| Singultus | spasm of the diaphragm |
| Paralysis | loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movement due to disease or injury to the nerve supply |
| Hemiplegia | total paralysis affecting one side of the body |
| Paraplegia | paralysis of the lower part of the body |
| Quadriplegia | paralysis of all four extremities |
| Shin Splint | a painful condition caused by the tibia Lis anterior muscle tearing away from the tibia |
| Hyperkinesia | abnormally increased muscle function or activity, also known as hyperactivity |
Created by:
DrewSkinner