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Chapter 6 history
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Progressive movement | (of a group, persn, or idea) favoring or implementing social reform or new, liberal ideas. |
| Progressives | Middle class, educated; believed Government should take an active role fixing societies problems |
| Muckraker | a journalist who uncovers abuses and corruption in a society |
| Progressives thought they could change society by... | their strong faith in science and technology |
| Frederick W. Taylor’s The Principles of Scientific Management (1911) described... | how a company could increase efficiency by managing time, breaking tasks down into small parts, and using standardized tools—a scientific approach to business |
| Commission form of government | divided city government into several departments, with each one under an expert commissioner’s control. A second, a council-manager system, employed a city manager who was hired by the city council. |
| Robert M. La Follette | Wisconsin governor who attacked the way political parties ran their conventions. Pressed the legislature to pass the direct primary law |
| Direct primary | a vote held by all members of a political party to decide their candidate for public office |
| Initiative | the right of citizens to place a measure or issue before the voters or the legislature for approval; citizens have to gather a certain number of signatures on a petition to make the initiative legally binding.; PROPOSE A LAW |
| Indirect initiative | the proposed law goes to the legislature first. If the legislature refuses to act on it, it goes on the ballot for the public to vote on it. |
| Direct initiative | goes directly to the public for a vote. |
| Referendum | the practice of letting voters accept or reject measures proposed by the legislature; allows citizens to vote on proposed laws directly; also used to repeal laws; VOTE ON LAW |
| Recall | the right that enables voters to remove unsatisfactory elected officials from office: GETS RID OF ELECTED OFFICIAL |
| U.S. Constitution originally directed each state legislature to elect how many senators | 2 |
| 17th amendment | direct-election of senators; removed one of the state legislatures’ checks on federal power |
| Suffrage | the right to vote |
| 14th amendment | grants citizenship to African Americans ; equal laws for all citizens |
| 15th amendment | gave African american men the right to vote |
| What were the two women suffrage groups | New York City–based National Woman Suffrage Association, founded by Stanton and Susan B. Anthony in 1869, and the Boston–based American Woman Suffrage Association, led by Lucy Stone and Julia Ward Howe. |
| What was the New York City–based National Woman Suffrage Association's focus? | passing a constitutional amendment |
| What was the Boston–based American Woman Suffrage Association's focus | the best strategy was convincing state governments to grant women the right to vote first. |
| Lobbying | when you contact a political leader personally, explain your concern, and try to convince them to vote for a legislation that supports your causes. |
| Muckraker John Spargo’s 1906 book, The Bitter Cry of the Children, presented... | detailed evidence of child labor conditions |
| Muckraker reports convinced the states to pass laws to.. | that set a minimum age for employment and established other limits on child labor; began passing compulsory education laws, requiring young children to be in school instead of at work. |
| compensation laws | laws established insurance funds that employers financed. Workers injured in accidents received payments from the funds. |
| Factory Investigating Commission | created because of a new york city fire |
| Zoning laws | a method of protecting the public. These laws divided a town or city into zones for commercial, residential, or other development, thereby regulating how land and buildings could be used. |
| Building codes | set minimum standards for light, air, room size, and sanitation and required buildings to have fire escapes. |
| Health codes | required restaurants and other facilities to maintain clean environments for their patrons |
| 5th amendment | says that no one shall be "deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation." |
| Prohibition movement | Many progressives blamed alcohol for many of society’s problems. |
| the temperance movement, | advocated that people stop, or at least moderate, their alcohol consumption. |
| Prohibition | laws banning the manufacture, transportation, and sale of alcoholic beverages. |
| 18th amendment | banning the manufacture, transportation, or sale of alcohol in all of the United States; Prohibition |
| Many progressives agreed that big business needed to be what? | Regulated |
| Sherman Antitrust Act in 1890. | the government should break up big companies to restore competition. |
| The Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC), | created to regulate the railroads |
| Social Darwinism | held that nations were in competition and only the strongest would survive. |
| Theodore Roosevelt views on trusts were... | they were an efficient and part of the reason for the prosperity of the United States. Yet he also felt that the monopoly power of some trusts hurt the public interest. |
| arbitration | settling a dispute by agreeing to accept the decision of an impartial outsider |
| the Department of Commerce and Labor. | Regulates big business without having to sacrifice economic efficiency by breaking up the trusts.; privately tell the company about any problems and allow them to fix the problems quietly. |
| the Hepburn Act | intended to strengthen the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) by giving it the power to set railroad rates. |
| Meat Inspection Act | It required federal inspection of meat sold through interstate commerce and required the Agriculture Department to set standards of cleanliness in meatpacking plants. |
| The Pure Food and Drug Act | prohibited the manufacture, sale, or shipment of impure or falsely labeled food and drugs. |
| the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) was given authority to... | inspect business operations and ensure that products were safe before they could be sold to the public. |
| 16th amendment | The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration. |
| environmental conservation | Conserving natural resources brought on by Theodore Roosevelt. |
| 19th amendment | Woman got the right to vote |
| Newlands Reclamation Act | authorized the use of federal funds from public land sales to pay for irrigation and land development projects. |
| Gifford Pinchot | head of the United States Forest Service appointed by Roosevelt; believed that trained experts in forestry and resource management should manage the nation’s forests. |
| Management of National forests | professional managers would apply the same scientific standards to the landscape that others were applying to managing cities and industry. |
| When Roosevelt leaves he appointed Taft as president warned Taft about tariff problem | |
| the Expedition Act | Under this act the attorney general could rapidly bring antitrust lawsuits |
| Taft believed high tariffs did what? | limited competition, hurt consumers, and protected trusts. |
| Roosevelt warned Taft to stay away from what? | tariff reform because it would divide the Republican Party. |
| The progressive Republican party favored what? | tariff reduction |
| The conservative Republican party wanted what? | wanted to maintain high tariffs. |
| Payne-Aldrich Tariff | hardly cut tariffs at all and actually raised them on some goods. |
| Woodrol wilson banking refrom federal reserve system; banks for other banks | |
| Northern security Vs US case need to know | |
| Bull Moose Party | Roosevelt's became the presidential candidate for the newly formed Progressive Party |
| As the Governor of New Jersey Wilson did what? | introduced the direct primary, established utility regulatory boards, and allowed cities to adopt the commissioner form of government. |
| Direct tax | a tax levied on income or profits of the person who pays it rather than on goods or services; Tax that is imposed on a direct person |
| indirect tax | a tax levied on goods or services rather than on individuals or companies; Tax that someones pays |
| progressive tax | graduated income tax is also called |
| Revenue Act of 1913, also known as the Underwood-Simmons Act | This law reduced the average tariff on imported goods to about 30 percent of the value of the goods and provided for levying a federal graduated income tax. |
| federal reserve system | Banks would have to keep part of their deposits in one of 12 reserve banks, providing a cushion against unexpected financial losses. |
| The Federal Reserve Act of 1913 | created the regional reserve banks, supervised by a Board of Governors appointed by the president. The Board could set the interest rates the reserve banks charged other banks |
| Federal Reserve Act created what | an independent agency that began to use monetary policy to manage the nation's economy. |
| Monetary policy refers to what | to policies that adjust a nation's money supply in order to regulate the economy. |
| Federal Trade Commission (FTC) | monitor American business; had the power to investigate companies and issue “cease and desist” orders against those it found to be engaging in unfair trade practices, or practices that hurt competition. |
| Clayton Antitrust Act in 1914 | The act outlawed certain practices that restricted competition such as price discrimination, or charging different customers different prices |
| The Keating-Owen Child Labor Act | prohibited the employment of children under the age of 14 in factories producing goods for interstate commerce. |
| the Adamson Act | established the eight-hour workday for railroad workers |
| Federal Farm Loan Act | helped provide low-interest loans to farmers |
| the Niagara Movement | W.E.B. Du Bois and 28 other African American leaders met at Niagara Falls to demand full rights for African Americans. Du Bois and other African American leaders believed that voting rights were essential to end lynching and racial discrimination. |
| Anti-Defamation League (ADL) | combat stereotypes and discrimination; “ultimate purpose [was] to secure justice and fair treatment to all citizens alike and to put an end forever to unjust and unfair discrimination against and ridicule of any sect or body of citizens.” |
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taylorlynn