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GIS 266 midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a Feature? | Feature- Single Spatial object, point, line or polygon |
| What is a Feature Class? | Feature Class- like grouped Features with same attribute fields |
| What is a Feature DataSet? | Feature Dataset- Collection of feature classes that are some way related to each other, sharing a common themes and coordinate system. |
| Imagine you are looking at a geodatabase that contains 50 states, 500 cities, and 100 rivers. a. How Many feature classes are there? | 3 |
| Imagine you are looking at a geodatabase that contains 50 states, 500 cities, and 100 rivers. How many features? | 650 |
| Imagine you are looking at a geodatabase that contains 50 states, 500 cities, and 100 rivers. | 3 |
| Imagine you are looking at a geodatabase that contains 50 states, 500 cities, and 100 rivers. d. How many total records in all the attribute tables? | 650 |
| If the following data were stored as rasters, which one would be discrete and which would be continuous? Rainfall? | Continuous |
| If the following data were stored as rasters, which one would be discrete and which would be continuous? Soil Type? | Discrete |
| If the following data were stored as rasters, which one would be discrete and which would be continuous? Voting Districts? | Discrete |
| If the following data were stored as rasters, which one would be discrete and which would be continuous? Temperature? | Continuous |
| If the following data were stored as rasters, which one would be discrete and which would be continuous? Slope? | Continuous |
| If the following data were stored as rasters, which one would be discrete and which would be continuous? Vegetation Type? | Discrete |
| John and Mary are collecting GPS data together. John’s GPS says their location is at (631058,4885805). Mary’s GPS says their location in at (1204817, 663391). Explain what is going on | Each GPS is using a different type Coordinate system. |
| John and Mary are collecting GPS data together. John’s GPS says their location is at (631058,4885805). Mary’s GPS says their location in at (1204817, 663391). What must be done to make the GPS units agree? | Change one of the units from State Plane to UTM, or from UTM to State Plane so both are using the same Coordinate system. |
| Would raster or vector be a better format for storing land ownership parcels? | Vector |
| Vector is better format for storing land ownership parcels, 3 reasons why? | |
| You measure a football field (100 yards long) on a large scale map and find it is 0.5-inch long. What is the scale of the map? | |
| What is a file extension, and what does the computer use it for? | Indicates the type of file, used by the computer to determine which application to open the file with. |
| What does it mean if you find a red exclamation point next to a map layer?- | Computer cannot find the data on the stored path, link possibly broken. |
| What can you do to fix the Red exclamation warning?- | Verify Absolute Path Name, also could use relative path option to relink data. |
| Explain why it might cause problems to run ArcCatalog and ArcMap simultaneously? | File Locks can occur when running at the same time, as they are both trying to manage same files. |
| What is a Query? | A tool that uses expressions to limit or filter row data from a larger dataset. |
| Give an Example of a Query | State_Name = ‘New Jersey’ ; this would limit rows to only those that equal the state name of New Jersey. |
| Why might you use a query when exporting data to a geodatabase? | Limits data to only that in which is desired for the particular project |
| If a dataset’s features have x coordinates between -180 and +180, what is the coordinate system likely to be? a. In what units are the coordinates? | The data is using a geographic coordinate system (GCS) a. Degrees |
| What are the x-y Coordinates of a map’s origin? | 0,0 |
| What is the x coordinate along the central meridian? | zero |
| What is the difference between a spheroid and a geoid? | A spheroid is a smooth mathematical representation of a sphere with a different major and minor axis. A Geoid is an irregular shape representing the mean sea level elevation of the earth. |
| What is the difference between a Central Meridian and the Prime Meridian? | Central Meridian is the center of a map projection where x =0, and may be any longitude line. The Prime Meridian is the longitude line defined as zero on earth, and runs through Greenwich, England. |
| You have a shapefile with an Unknown coordinate system, but a file on the web site says that the coordinate system is UTM Zone 13 NAD 1983. What is your next step? | Use the Define Projection tool to set the coordinate system label to UTM Zone 13 NAD 1983. |
| True or False: A shapefile of the United States with a GCS coordinate system would have an x-y extent that contains entirely positive values? | False, the extent is the range of x-y values, and the United States in GCS would have positive decimal degrees for latitude (y) because North of the Equator, but negative numbers of longitude (x) because West of the Prime Meridian. |
| You have a shapefile with a UTM Zone 10 NAD 1983 Coordinate system, and you want to bring it into your state database, which uses Oregon State Lambert coordinate system. What is your next step? | Use the Project tool to convert the shapefile to the Oregon Statewide coordinate system. |
| For each of the following types of data, state whether it is nominal, categorical, ordinal, interval, or ration. Explain your reasoning. Nominal? | Parcel street address because it is a string basically naming the parcel. Parcel ID is a numeric value but is used as a label to identify the plot of land. |
| For each of the following types of data, state whether it is nominal, categorical, ordinal, interval, or ration. Explain your reasoning. Categorical? | Vegetation type, just symbols for categories. Soil Type because characterizes soil into groups based on their properties |
| For each of the following types of data, state whether it is nominal, categorical, ordinal, interval, or ration. Explain your reasoning. Ordinal? | State Rank for average wage because does not necessarily change by regular amounts as rank increases. |
| For each of the following types of data, state whether it is nominal, categorical, ordinal, interval, or ration. Explain your reasoning. Interval? | pH Measurement of a stream, uses a set logarithmic scale, but zero does not mean no pH. Average maximum temperature, has a scale, but zero does not mean no heat, and temperatures can go negative. |
| For each of the following types of data, state whether it is nominal, categorical, ordinal, interval, or ration. Explain your reasoning. Ratio? | Bushels of Wheat per County because of a regular interval with a valid zero point. Number of voters in a district because regular increasing, and has a known zero point. |
| For each of the following attributes, state whether a single symbol, graduated color, or unique values map would be most appropriate. Explain Why. Single Symbol? | Rivers only interested in location has no attribute data. |
| For each of the following attributes, state whether a single symbol, graduated color, or unique values map would be most appropriate. Explain Why. Graduated Color | |
| For each of the following attributes, state whether a single symbol, graduated color, or unique values map would be most appropriate. Explain Why. Unique Values | Geologic Unit and Land Use because they are unique values, strings data used to define categories. |
| If Mapping the following attributes for counties, indicate which ones would be normalized and which would not. Normalized? | Total River Miles, Number of Hispanics, and Square Miles of Park Land because the values can depend on area of measurement. Ie divided by categories/ranks/percentages. |
| If Mapping the following attributes for counties, indicate which ones would be normalized and which would not. Not Normalize? | Average Daily Temperature, Median Rent, and Sales Tax Rate because they are already defined discrete values for a location. |
| State whether you would use unique values, classified, stretched, or RGB composite display method for each of the following raster’s. Unique? | Geologic, Landslide Hazards |
| State whether you would use unique values, classified, stretched, or RGB composite display method for each of the following raster’s. Classified? | Precipitation, slope |
| State whether you would use unique values, classified, stretched, or RGB composite display method for each of the following raster’s. Stretched? | Black and White Aerial photo, slope, precipitation |
| State whether you would use unique values, classified, stretched, or RGB composite display method for each of the following raster’s. RGB? | d. RGB-4 band satellite image |
| Describe the difference between an attribute table and a stand- alone table. | An attribute table is linked to a spatial data set such as a shapefile of geodatabase feature class. Each record contains information for one feature in the spatial data set. A stand-alone table simply contains tabular information. |
| Which type of databases are GIS systems based on? | GIS systems are based on a relational DBMS, which creates links between data tables as needed. |
| How is GIS systems different from other DBMS types? | Hierarchal systems have fixed links and flat files do not use links. |
| List the types of data sources from which tables may display data? | A table may contain information derived from a dBase (.dbf) file, an INFO file, a comma-delimited text file, or an SQL query from a database server. |
| Describe how storing the number 255 in ASCII differs from storing in binary representation? | In ASCII, the number 255 would be stored using special code for each digit of the number. Three bytes required, one for each digit. In Binary, 255 would be stored using in a base 2 using a single byte of data as 11111111. |
| Choose the best field type for each of the following types of data in a geodatabase. Populations of countries in the word? | Use Long since some countries have values larger than 2 billion which is the limit for an integer field. |
| Choose the best field type for each of the following types of data in a geodatabase. Precipitation in inches? | Use Short Integer, because you need decimals, but the numbers will not be very large. |
| Choose the best field type for each of the following types of data in a geodatabase. Number of counties in a state? | Use Short Integer, since it will be an integer and not very big. |
| Choose the best field type for each of the following types of data in a geodatabase. Highway Name? | Use Text, because it contains letters and or values for lookup versus computations. |
| Choose the best field type for each of the following types of data in a geodatabase. Distance between city in meters? | Use Long if you want high precision for large numbers, or Long if you don’t care about fractions of meters. |
| Choose the best field type for each of the following types of data in a geodatabase. Birthdays? | Use Date |
| What is the cardinality of each of the following relationships? Students to College Classes? | Many-to-Many |
| What is the cardinality of each of the following relationships? States to Governors? | One-to-One |
| What is the cardinality of each of the following relationships? Student to Grades? | One-to-Many |
| What is the cardinality of each of the following relationships? Counties to States | Many-to-One |
| Describe a Join Function? | A join appends records from one table into the records of another so that they appear as one continuous table. A Join only works for one-to-one and many-to-one relationships. |
| Describe Relate Function? | A relate establishes links between two tables based on a common key so that selected fields in one table may be highlighted in another, although the two tables remain separate. Relates are uses for one-to-many and many-to-many relationships. |
| You have a table of states and a table of airports, both with a state abbreviation field. Can you join them if states is the destination table? | States- Cardinality is one to many and cannot be joined (one state can have several airports) |
| You have a table of states and a table of airports, both with a state abbreviation field. Can you join them if Airports is the destination table? | Airports-Many to one relationship, they can be joined |
| Describe the statistics functions on a field? | Statistics calculates standard values of mins, max, means etc. For an entire column or selected set of records and can give you a frequency histogram. |
| Describe the summarize functions on a field? | Summarize aggregates data based on their value in a field and calculates statistics for each group, such as the total areas for different types of land use. An entirely new table is created by the Summarize function. |
| For each of the following problems, using data sets for the United States, state whether using a query, a statistics function, or the summary function would be the best approach to solving it. Find all towns with more that 20,000 people? | Query |
| For each of the following problems, using data sets for the United States, state whether using a query, a statistics function, or the summary function would be the best approach to solving it. Find the total number of volcanoes in each state? | Summarize |
| For each of the following problems, using data sets for the United States, state whether using a query, a statistics function, or the summary function would be the best approach to solving it. Determine the total damage caused by earthquakes in the US? | Statistics |
Created by:
Sevcav