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Cell Transport
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Every cell exists in what kind of environment? | Liquid |
| One of the most important functions of the cell membrane is to keep the cell's internal conditions relatively what? | Constant |
| It does this by regulating the movement of what from one side of the membrane to the other? | |
| The cytoplasm of a cell is a solution of many different substances dissolved in what? | Water |
| In any solution, solute particles tend to move from an area where they are ______ concentrated to an area where they are ______ concentrated | More to Less |
| The process by which particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration is known as what? | Diffusion |
| Diffusion is the driving force behind the movement of many substances across the what? | Cell Membrane |
| If the substance can cross the cell membrane, it's particles will tend to move toward the area where it is ____ concentrated until it is eventually distributed | Less |
| When the concentration of subdtances on both sides of the cell membrane is the same | Equilibrium |
| Even after equailibrium is reached particles of a solution will ______ across the membrane in both directions | Continue to move |
| Because almost equal numbers of particles move in each each direction, there is no _____ in the concentration on either side | Netchange |
| _____ depends upon random particle movement. | Diffusion |
| With diffusion substances diffuse across membranes without requiring the cell to use ______ | Additional energy |
| The movement of materials across the cell membrane without using cellular energy is called what? | Passive transport |
| Cell membranes have proteins that act as _____ or _____ making it easy for certain molecules to cross | Carriers or Channels |
| Molecules that cannot directly diffuse across the membrane pass through special protein channels in a process known as what? | Facilitated diffusion |
| ____ of different proteins have been found that allow particular substances to cross cell membranes | 100 |
| Facilitated diffusion does or does not require any additional use of the cell's energy? | Does Not |
| The inside of a cell's lipid bilayer is what? | Hydrophobic or water-hating |
| Because the inside of the lipid bilayer is hydrophobic water molecules have a ___ time passing through the cell membrane | Tough |
| Many cell's contain water channel proteins, known as what? | Aquaporins |
| Aquaporins all water to pass right through them, without them water would diffuse in and out of the cell very ____ | Slowly |
| Movement of water through cell membranes by facilitated diffusion is an extremely important biological process known as _____ | Osmosis |
| The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane | Osmosis |
| Osmosis involves the movement of water molecules from an area of ____ ____ concentration to an area of low concentration____ ____ | High water to Low water |
| Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a ________ permeable membrane | Selectively |
| The net movement of water out of or into a cell exerts a force known as what? | Osmotic pressure |
| Because the cell is filled with ___, ___, ___, and other molecules, it is almost always hypertonic to fresh water | |
| As a result, water tends to move quickly into a cell surrounded by fresh water, causing it to_____, the cell may burst | Swell |
| In plants, the movement of water into the cell causes the _______ to swell, pushing cell contents out against the cell wall | Central Vacuole |
| When the concentration is the same on both sides of the membrane, the two solutions will be ______ | Isotonic |
| Same strength on both sides | Isotonic |
| More water so the cell will swell up | Hypotonic |
| Less water cell shrinks | Hypertonic |
| What are two types of PASSIVE energy | Diffusion and facilitated diffusion |
| Two types of active transport | Active and bulk |
| Uses a channel ex. Osmosis | Facilitated diffusion |
| Cell's are bathed in fluids such as blood that are? | Isotonic |
| Cell's placed in an isotonic solution neither ____ or ____ water | Gain or Lose |
| In hypertonic solution, water rushes out of the cell, causing animal cell's to _____ and plant cell vacuoles to ______ | Shrink. Collapse. |
| Some cell's, such as the eggs laid by fish and frogs, must come into contact with fresh water, these types of cells tend to lack _____ | |
| Cell's sometimes must move materials ______a concentration difference | |
| The movement of materials against a concentration difference is known as active transport, active transport requires ______ | |
| The active transport of small molecules or ions across a cell membrane is generally carried out by transport proteins, or protein " _____", that are found in the membrane itself | Pumps |
| Larger molecules and clumps of materials can also be actively transported across the cell membrane by process known as ________ and _________ | Endocytosis and exocytosis |
| The transport of larger materials sometimes involves changes in the _____ of the cell membrane | Shape |
| _____ molecules and ions are carried across membranes by proteins in the membrane that act like pumps | Small |
| Many cells proteins that act like pumps to move _____,_____ and _____ ions across cell membranes | Calcium potassium and sodium |
| Larger molecules and even solid clumps of material may be transported by movements of the cell membrane known as what? | Bulk transport |
| Bulk transport can take several forms, depending on the ____ and ______ of the material moved into or out of the cell | Shape. Size |
| _______ the process of taking material into the cell by means of unfolding or _____ of the cell membrane | Endocytosis. Pockets |
| The pocket that results breaks loose from the outer portion of the cell membrane and forms a ______ or vacuole within the cytoplasm | Vesicle |
| Large molecules,__________, and even while cell's can be taken up by endocytosis | Clumps of food |
| Two examples of endocytosis are? | Phagocytosis and pinocytosis |
| In phagocytosis extensions of cytoplasm surround a particle and package it within a food vacuole the cell then ______ it | Engulfs |
| _____ use phagocytosis for taking in food | |
| Amoebas | |
| Phagocytosis requires energy so it is ______ transport | Active |
| In ______ cell's take up liquid from the surrounding environment by forming tiny pockets along the cell membrane | Pinocytosis |
| The pockets along the cell membrane fill with _____ and pinch off to form vacuoles within the cell | Liquid |
| Many cell's also _____ large amounts of material from the cell in a process known as exocytosis | Release |
| During exocytosis the membrane of the vacuole surrounding the material ______ with cell membrane pushing the material ____ of the cell | Fusses. Out |
| A single - celled or _____ organism does everything you would expect a living thing to do | Unicellular |
| Just like other living things unicellular organisms must achieve _______ relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions | Homeostasis |
| To _____ homeostasis unicellular organisms must grow, respond to the environment, transform energy and reproduce | Maintain |
| Unicellular organisms include ____ and _____ | Prokaryotes and eukaryotes |
| Prokaryotes especially bacteria are remarkably adaptable and live almost everywhere- in the soil, on leaves, in the ocean, in the ___, and even within the ___ ____ | Air. Human body |
| The cell's of multicellular organisms are _____, with different cell types playing different roles | Specialized |
| Some cell's are specialized to move, others to ____ substances that the organism needs | Produce |
| No matter what the role each specialized cell contributes to the overall ____ of the organism | Homeostasis |
| The specialized cells of multicellular organisms are organized into ____ then into ____ and finally into ______ _____ | Tissues, organs, organ system |
| A tissue is a group of similar cells that performs a particular ____ | Function |
| Your perform complicated tasks, many groups of tissues work together as an _____ | Organ |
| Each type of tissue performs an essential ____ to help organ function | Task |
| A group of organs that work together to perform a specific function is called an ? | Organ system |
| An example of an organ system is the stomach, pancreas, and intestines work together as the? | Digestive system |
Created by:
PippaBella2