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APUSH Chapters 27&28
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Alfred Thayer Mahan | Wrote The Influence of Sea Power upon History, which argued that control of the sea was the key to world dominance;it stimulated the naval race among the great powers. |
| James G Blaine | American statesman, served in the House thirteen years & a little over four years in the Senate. Speaker of the House from 1869 to 1875. Secretary of state under Garfield and Arthur, advocated "Big Sister" policy of US domination in Latin America |
| Richard Olney | Pugnacious successor to Blaine as Secretary of State, stirred up conflict with GB during the Venezuelan Crisis. Insisted on protection of American lives and property and reparations for losses incurred during violent disturbances in Cuba, China, Turkey. |
| Valeriano Weyler | Spanish governor in charge of suppressing the Cuban revolution, 1896-1898; his brutal "reconcentration" tactics earned him the nickname of the "Butcher" in America's yellow press. |
| Dupuy de Lõme | Spanish minister in Washington, wrote a private letter to a friend concerning President McKinley (called him basically usless and indecisive) The discovery of his letter strained Spanish-American relations, which helped initiate the Spanish-American War. |
| Theodore Roosevelt | 26th president, known for: conservationism, trust-busting, Hepburn Act, safe food regulations, "Square Deal," Panama Canal, Great White Fleet, Nobel Peace Prize for negotiation of peace in Russo-Japanese War |
| George Dewey | United States naval officer remembered for his victory at Manila Bay in the Spanish-American War |
| Emilio Aguinaldo | Leader of the Filipino independence movement against Spain (1895-1898). He proclaimed the independence of the Philippines in 1899, but his movement was crushed and he was captured by the United States Army in 1901. |
| Reconcentration | Policy of moving Cubans to detention camps so that they could not aid rebels |
| Jingoism | Extreme, chauvinistic patriotism, often favoring an aggressive, warlike foreign policy |
| Imperialism | Policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries poitically, socially, and economically. |
| Pan-American Conference | An international organization that dealt with trade; organized by james blaine; created to encourage cooperation and trust with the manufacturers |
| Maine | US ship that blew up accidentaly, but that the newspapers said was blown up by Spain |
| Teller Amendment | Legislation that promised the US would not annex Cuba after winning the Spanish-American war |
| Rough Riders | American volunteers that formed to fight at San Juan Hill in Cuba. Many were cowboys, ex-convicts, etc. Colonel Leonard Wood led the group, Theodore Roosevelt organized it. |
| Treaty of Paris | Signed by US and Spain in December 1898, ended the Spanish-American War. Spain recognized Cuba's independence and assumed Cuban debt; it also ceded Puerto Rico and Guam to the US. Spain also ceded the Philippines. Senate ratified it on February 6, 1899. |
| Anti-Imperialist League | Group objected to the annexation of the Philippines and the building of an American empire. Idealism, self-interest, racism, constitutionalism, and other reasons motivated them, but they failed to make their case; the Philippines were annexed in 1900. |
| Foraker Act | Officially the Organic Act of 1900, is a United States federal law that established civilian (limited popular) government on the island of Puerto Rico, which had been newly acquired by the United States as a result of the Spanish-American War |
| Insular Cases | Ruled that people in our territories were not U.S. citizens and therefore didn't have equal rights; constitution didn't apply. "flag outrun constitution" |
| Platt Amendment | new Cuban constitution authorized US intervention in Cuba to protect interests. Cuba pledged not to make treaties with other countries that might compromise independence, it granted naval bases to the United States, most notably Guantanamo Bay. |
| William Howard Taft | 27th president of the U.S.; he angered progressives by moving cautiously toward reforms and by supporting the Payne-Aldrich Tariff; he lost Roosevelt's support and was defeated for a second term |
| John Hay | Secretary of State under McKinley and Roosevelt who pioneered the open-door policy and Panama Canal |
| Theodore Roosevelt | 26th president, known for: conservationism, trust-busting, Hepburn Act, safe food regulations, "Square Deal," Panama Canal, Great White Fleet, Nobel Peace Prize for negotiation of peace in Russo-Japanese War |
| Philippe Bunau-Varilla | French engineer who advocated an American canal through Panama and helped instigate a Panamanian rebellion against Colombia |
| George Washington Goethals | United States army officer and engineer who supervised the construction of the Panama Canal (1858-1928) |
| Guerrilla Warfare | a hit-and-run technique used in fighting a war; fighting by small bands of warriors using tactics such as sudden ambushes |
| Spheres of Influence | Areas in which countries have some political and economic control but do not govern directly (ex. Europe and U.S. in China) |
| "Yellow Peril" | [aka Yellow Terror] color metaphor for race that originated in late-19th with immigration of Chinese laborers. term refers to skin color of East Asians and the belief that mass immigration of Asians threatened white wages and standards of living |
| Philippine Insurrection | Before the Philippines was annexed by the U.S. there existed tension between U.S. troops and Filippinos. eventually we entered into a war with the Philippines |
| Open Door Notes | Message sent by secretary of state John Hay in 1899 to Germany, Russia, Great Britain, France, Italy & Japan asking the countries not to interfere with US trading rights in China |
| "The Full Dinner Pail" | A Republican campaign slogan in the 1900 presidential election campaign, used to emphasize the prosperity of William McKinley's first term and to appeal particularly to the labor vote |
| Boxer Rebellion | 1899 rebellion in Beijing, China started by a secret society of Chinese who opposed the "foreign devils". The rebellion was ended by British troops |
| Big-Stick Diplomacy | Diplomatic policy developed by T.R where the "big stick" symbolizes his power and readiness to use military force if necessary. It is a way of intimidating countries without actually harming them and was the basis of U.S. imperialistic foreign policy. |
| Clayton-Bulwer Treaty | Between U.S. and Great Britain agreeing that neither country would try to obtain exclusive rights to canal across Isthmus of Panama; Abrogated by U.S. in 1881 |
| Hay-Pauncefote Treaty | Permission granted by Panama for the US to dig a canal ; permitted by the British in order to make friends with US in hope of future support against Germany ; negociated under Roosevelt ; greatly facilitated trade |
| Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty | 1903 agreement between panama and us that gave us a 99 year lease to build a canal on a ten mile ide strip of land across Panama isthmus |
| Panama Canal | Ship canal cut across the isthmus of Panama by United States Army engineers; it opened in 1915. It greatly shortened the sea voyage between the east and west coasts of North America. The United States turned the canal over to Panama on Jan 1, 2000 |
| Roosevelt Corollary | Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force |
| Russo-Japanese War | Russia and Japan fighting over Korea, Manchuria, etc. Began in 1904, neither side could gain clear advantage. Both sent reps to Portsmouth, NH. TR mediated Treaty of New Hampshire. TR won the nobel peace prize for his efforts, the 1st pres. to do so. |
| Portsmouth Conference | The meeting between Japan, Russia, and the U.S. that ended the Russo-Japanese War in 1905. Roosevelt won the Nobel Peace Prize for stopping the fighting between those two countries. |
| Gentlemen's Agreement | Agreement when Japan agreed to curb the number of workers coming to the US |
| Great White Fleet | 1907-1909 - Roosevelt sent the Navy on a world tour to show the world the U.S. naval power. Also to pressure Japan into the "Gentlemen's Agreement." |
| Root-Takahira Agreement | 1908 - Japan / U.S. agreement in which both nations agreed to respect each other's territories in the Pacific and to uphold the Open Door policy in China. |
Created by:
Cfontaine