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Chemistry Vocab OW
Chemistry Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| atom | smallest part of an element that cannot be broken down by any chemical means |
| nucleus | central most important part of an atom; most of the mass of an atom is found here |
| protons | parts of an atom that carries a positive electric charge; found in the nucleus |
| neutrons | parts of an atom that carry no charge; found in the nucleus |
| electrons | parts of an atom that carry a negative electric charge; found continually moving around the nucleus in the electron cloud |
| electron cloud | the region of negative charge that surrounds the nucleus of an atom part of the atom that takes up the most space; electrons are found here |
| element | is a substance formed when two or more elements are joined together chemically |
| Periodic Table of Elements | a table of the elements, arranged in order of increasing atomic number. Elements having similar chemical properties and electronic structures appear in vertical columns. |
| atomic mass | the mass of an atom (the sum of the protons and neutrons in the atom’s nucleus) |
| atomic number | the number of protons in an atom’s nucleus |
| compound | a substance that contains two or more elements that are chemically combined and cannot be separated by physical means |
| molecule | the smallest particle of a substance that retains the chemical and physical properties of the substance and is composed of two or more atoms |
| chemical bonds | an attraction between atoms that allows the formation of chemical substances that contain two or more atoms. This bond is caused by the sharing of electrons. |
| mixture | a composition of two or more substances that are not chemically combined with each other and can be physically separated. |
| heterogeneous mixture | mixture made up of two or more different substances, which are mixed but are not combined chemically; Ex. Cereal, milkshakes, salad dressings with oil. |
| homogeneous mixture | mixture in which particles of one substance are spread evenly throughout the other substance. Ex. Tea, root beer. |
| pH scale | range of numbers that tell how acidic or basic a solution it. Range is from 1 – 14. |
| indicator | something you use to test a solution to find out whether it is acidic or basic (litmus paper). |
| acidity (acid) | compounds that produce hydronium ions when dissolved in water. An acidic solution is one that has a 1-6 on the pH scale. Ex. Vinegar, oranges, stomach acid. |
| alkalinity (base) | compounds that produce hydroxide ions in water. A basic solution is one that has an 8-14 on the pH scale. Ex. Soap, ammonia, oven cleaner, antacids. |
| salts | products that result when an acid and base neutralize each other. The process of neutralization always produces water and a salt. |
Created by:
pendletons
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