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Nervous system ll
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Tough superficial white fibrous connective tissue covering of the brain and spinal cord that is attached internally to the cranium and separated from the vertebral column by the epidural space | Dura mater |
| Dura mater partition that separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres | Falx cerebelli |
| Dura mater partition that extends inferiorly into the longitudinal fissure separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres | Falx cerebri |
| Area where the two layers of the dura mater split forming channels Venous blood travels through these channels as it returns to vessels leading to the heart | Dural sinus |
| Potential space that lies between the dura mater and the bone of vertebral column and contains blood vessels loose connective tissue and fat tissue | Epidural space |
| Space between the dura mater and the arachnoid Mater | Subdural space |
| Thin net like membrane located between the dura mater and the Pia Mater | Arachnoid Mater |
| Space located between the arachnoid Mater and the Pia mater that contains cerebrospinal fluid | Subarachnoid space |
| Thin membrane that contains many blood vessels that Aid in nourishing the underlining brain and spinal cord | Pia Mater |
| Connective tissue covering the of the cranium and vertebral column that protect the brain and spinal cord | Meninges |
| Partition of the dura mater that separates the occipital lobes of the cerebrum from the cerebellum | Tentorium cerebelli |
| Narrow space in the diencephalon that connects with the lateral ventricles via the interventricular foramina | Third ventricle |
| Space in the brain stem that connects with the third ventricle via the cerebral aqueduct | Choroid plexus |
| Tiny cauliflower like masses of specialized capillaries from OPM matter that project into the cavities of the ventricles and are covered with ependymal cells | Choroid plexus |
| Finger-like structures that project from the subarachnoid space into the blood-filled Dural sinuses | Arachnoid granulations |
| Precise site of secretion of cerebrospinal fluid | Choroid plexus |
| Precise site of the reabsorption of cerebrospinal fluid | Arachnoid granulations |
| From the third ventricle cerebrospinal fluid circulates directly into the | Cerebral aqueduct |
| Ventricles that receives cerebrospinal fluid from the cerebral aqueduct | Go to the fourth ventricle |
| Foramen that receives cerebrospinal fluid from the third ventricle | Cerebral aqueduct |
| Region around the spinal cord and cerebral hemisphere that contain cerebrospinal fluid | Subarachnoid space |
| The largest ventricle of which there are two that extends into the cerebral Hemisphere and occupies portions of the frontal temporal and occipital lobes | Lateral ventricle |
| Most of the cerebrospinal fluid is secreted from the choroid plexus in the | Lateral ventricles |
| Four lobes of the cerebrum | Frontal lobe occipital lobe parietal lobe and temporal lobe |
| 5 groove associated with the cerebrum | Central sulcus lateral cerebral Focus longitudinal fissure Parieto-occipital sulcus and transverse fissure |
| Lobe of the cerebrum that contains motor areas which control movement of voluntary skeletal muscles and association areas which carry on higher intellectual processes such as those required for concentration planning complex problem solving in judging the | The frontal lobe |
| Lobe of the cerebrum that contains sensory areas that are responsible for sensation of temperature touch pressure and pain from the skin and association areas that function in the understanding of speech and and using words to express thoughts and feeling | Parietal lobe |
| Lobe of the cerebrum that contains sensory areas that are responsible for vision and association areas that function and combining visual images with other sensory experiences | Occipital lobe |
| Lobe of the cerebrum that contains sensory areas that are responsible for hearing and association areas that are used in the interpretation of sensory experiences and in the memory of visual scenes music and other complex sensory patterns | Temporal lobe |
| Groove of the cerebrum that separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe | Central sulcus |
| Groove of the cerebrum that separates the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe | Lateral cerebral sulcus |
| Groove of the cerebrum that separates the parietal lobe from the occipital lobe | Parieto-occipital sulcus |
| Groove of the cerebrum that separates the cerebrum into the right and left cerebral hemispheres | Longitudinal fissure |
| Transverse fibers that connect the two cerebral hemispheres | Corpus callosum |
| Extension of the dura mater that is located between the two cerebral hemispheres | Falx cerebri |
| Structure that lies deep within the lateral cerebral fissure under the parietal frontal and temporal lobes | Insula |
| Area of the brain that consists of the thalamus hypothalamus optic nerves and optic chiasma infundibulum posterior pituitary gland mammillary bodies and pineal gland | The diencephalon |
| Each Wrinkle in the surface of the cerebrum | Convolution |
| General term for a shallow groove on the surface of the cerebrum | Sulcus |
| General term for each deep Groove in the surface of the cerebrum | Fissure |
| Synonym for gyruss | Convolution |
| Fold of the dura mater that is located between the two cerebellar hemispheres | Falx cerebelli |
| Structure that connects the cerebellar hemispheres in the midline | Vermis |
| Masses of gray matter located deep within the cerebral | Basal ganglion |
| The largest part of the mature brain that determines a person's intelligence and personality | Cerebrum |
| Tree-like pattern of white matter seen in a section of the cerebellum | Arbor Vitae |
| A lobe of cerebrum that is located anterior | Frontal lobe |
| Shelf life extension of the dura mater that separates the occipital lobe of the cerebrum from the cerebellum | Tentorium cerebelli |
| Lobe of the cerebrum that is located posterior | Occipital lobe |
| Lobe of the cerebrum that is located lateral | Temporal lobe |
| Lobe of the cerebrum is located Superior | Parietal lobe |
| Which of the following are generally adrenergic fibers | Sympathetic postganglionic |
| Central relay station that receives sensory impulses and channels them to appropriate areas of the cerebral cortex for interpretation | The thalamus |
| Contains nerve fibers that direct sensory and motor impulses between lower parts of the brainstem and spinal cord and the cerebrum cerebellum and diencephalon | Midbrain |
| Two regions that function in the regulation of the heart rate in arterial blood pressure | Medulla oblongata and the hypothalamus |
| Functions in the regulation of body temperature | The hypothalamus |
| Regions of the mesencephalon that contain motor fibers that carry impulses from the cerebrum to the pons and spinal cord and contains sensory fibers that carry impulses from the spinal cord to the thalamus | Cerebral peduncle |
| Function in the regulation of Water and electrolyte balance | The hypothalamus |
| Functions in the regulation of rate and depth of breathing also known as the pneumotaxic center | The pons |
| Functions to control of rage and aggression | The hypothalamus |
| Consists of the thalamus hypothalamus optic nerves optic chiasma infundibulum posterior pituitary mammillary bodies and pineal gland | Diencephalon |
| Functions in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness Center | The hypothalamus |
| Two parts of the message shuffle on | Cerebral peduncles and corpora quadrigemina |
| Functions in the regulation of heartbeat also known as the cardiac center | Medulla oblongata |
| Functions as an intermediary between the nervous system and the endocrine system | The hypothalamus |
| Functions in the regulation of blood pressure through arteriolar constriction and dilation also known as the vasomotor center | Medulla oblongata |
| Functions in the control of movements and secretions of the stomach and intestines | The hypothalamus |
| Functions in the production of releasing factors that in turn stimulate the pituitary gland to release various hormones | The hypothalamus |
| Function in the regulation of rate and depth of breathing also known as dorsal and ventral respiratory group | Medulla oblongata |
| Contains reflex centers associated with cough and sneezing | Medulla oblongata |
| Contains reflex centers associated with swallowing and vomiting | Medulla oblongata |
| Synonym for mesencephalon | Midbrain |
| Stalk that connects the pituitary to the hypothalamus | Infundibulum |
| Small oval structures located deep between the cerebral hemispheres and produces melatonin | Pineal gland |
| An X shape structure on the underside of the brain created by a partial crossing over of fibers in the optic nerve | Optic chiasma |
| Parts of the mesencephalon that serves as a reflex center for movements of the eyeballs and head in response to visual and other stimuli and serve as a reflex center for movement of the head and trunk in response to auditory stimuli | Corpora quadrigemina |
| Three main parts of the brain stem | Medulla oblongata midbrain and pons |
| Deep Groove that extends the length of the spinal cord partially dividing it into early into the left halves | Anterior median fissure |
| Shallow Groove that extends the length of the spinal cord partially dividing and posterior Lee into the right and left halves | Posterior median sulcus |
| Core of gray matter of the spinal cord in the shape of a butterfly that is further subdivided into anterior posterior and lateral regions | Horns |
| Synonym for columns | Funiculi |
| Gray matter in the middle portion of the cord that creates a bridge between the left and right gray matter regions | Gray commissure |
| Canal located in the center of the gray matter of the spinal cord that contains cerebrospinal fluid and is continuous with the ventricles of the brain | Central canal |
| White matter of the spinal cord that is divided into 3 sections on each side by the gray matter each section consists of longitudinal bundles of myelinated nerve fibers that compromise major nerve Pathways called nerve tracts | Funiculi |
| Structure that the exit the spinal cord on the interior also known as ventral surface and contributes motor fibers to the spinal nerve | Ventral root |
| Structure that exit the spinal cord on the posterior also known as dorsal surface and contribute sensory fibers to the spinal nerve | Dorsal root |
| The portion of nervous tissue in the core of the spinal cord | Grey matter |
| The portion of nervous tissue that is periphery of the spinal cord | White matter |
| Sharp tip formed where the spinal cord Narrows just inferior to the lumbar enlargement | Conus medullaris |
| Group of spinal nerves that extend below the caudal or inferior end of the spinal cord | Cauda equina |
| Synonym for anterior root | Ventral root |
| Synonym for posterior root | Dorsal root |
| Thickening in the spinal cord in the lower back | Lumbar enlargement |
| 31 pairs of threadlike structures that exit the spinal cord and form two-way communication between the spinal cord and peripheral body structures | Spinal nerves |
| Cavity that houses the spinal cord and it's surrounded by sections of backbone Synonym for spinal cavity | Vertebral canal |
| Thin cord of Pia mater that descends from the conus medullaris to the superior surface of the coccyx | Filum terminale |
| Matter found in The Superficial region of the spinal cord | White matter |
| Matter that forms a pattern seen in a cross section of the spinal cord and resembles a butterfly with the wings spread out | Grey matter |
| Surrounding the central Canal of the spinal cord is the | Gray commissure |
| Initiated by stroking the sole of the foot which stimulates plantar flexion of the foot and toes | Plantar reflex |
| A normal response in infants up to one year old there after this is an abnormal response initiated by stroking the sole of the foot instead of the normal plantar reflex the responses plantar extension in which the great toe extends upward and the smaller | Babinski reflex |
| Initiated by striking the patellar ligament below the patella which stimulates contraction of the quadriceps femoris an extension of the lower leg | Knee-jerk reflex |
| Initiated by touching something sharp or hot which causes unconscious withdrawal from the harmful source of the stimulation | Withdrawal reflex |
| Initiated by flexing a person's forearm at the elbow placing a finger inside of the bent elbow and tapping the biceps contract in response and the forearm flexes | Biceps jerk reflex |
| Initiated by flexing the arm at the elbow and tapping just superior to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus the forearm extends | Triceps jerk reflex |
| Initiated by stroking the skin of the abdomen with a dull pain from the sides superiorly toward the midline and superior to the umbilicus the abdominal muscles contract causing the umbilicus to move toward the region that was stimulated | Abdominal reflex |
| Initiated by tapping Achilles also known as calcaneal tendon just above its insertion on the calcaneus which causes plantar flexion do to contraction of the gastrocnemius and Soleus | Ankle jerk reflex |
| Initiated in males by stroking the medial thigh which causes contraction of the cremaster muscle and the testes on the same side to be elevated | Cremasteric reflex |
| What is not a function of the hypothalamus | Control of postural reflex |
| Axon of Association neuron dendrites of motor neuron dendrites of Association neuron cell body of motor neuron cell body of Association neuron | Gray matter of spinal cord |
| Dendrites of sensory neuron | Peripheral |
| Cell body of sensory neuron | Ganglia |
| A receptor | Skin |
| List the parts of a reflex arc in the correct | Receptor sensory neuron motor neuron motor neuron effector |
| Reflexes help control | Digestive activities blood pressure and heart rate |
| The part of the brain that functions to coordinate voluntary muscle movements is | The cerebellum |
| Bundle of nerve fibers | Fascicle |
| Sleeve of connective tissue that surrounds a fascicle | Perineurium |
| Loose connective tissue that surrounds a nerve fiber | Endoneurium |
| Each thread like structure that is contained with a fascicle | Nerve fiber |
| Each thread like structure that is contained within a nerve fiber | Neurofibrils |
| Structure that surrounds the myelin sheath | Neurilemma |
| Outermost layer of connective tissue | Epineurium |
| The primary motor areas of the brain are located in the | Precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe |
| What is the function of the cerebral association areas | To analyze and interpret sensory experience memory and reasoning in judgment |
| The meninges consist of | Pia Mater dura mater arachnoid Mater |
| spinal accessory nerve | Cranial nerve XI |
| Vagus nerve | Cranial nerve X |
| Olfactory nerve | Cranial nerve I |
| glossopharyngeal nerve | cranial nerve IX |
| Facial nerve | Cranial nerve VII |
| Trochlear nerve | Cranial nerve IV |
| Ocular motor nerve | Cranial nerve III |
| hypoglossal nerve | Cranial nerve XII |
| Trigeminal nerve | Cranial nerve V |
| Optic nerve | cranial nerve II |
| Vestibulocochlear nerve | cranial nerve VIII |
| Three sensory cranial nerves | Cranial nerve 1 cranial nerve 2 and cranial nerve 8 |
| 4 mixed nerves | Cranial nerve 4 cranial nerve 7 cranial nerves 9 and cranial nerve 10 |
| 5 motor cranial nerves | Cranial nerve 3 cranial nerve 4 cranial nerve 11 cranial nerve 12 and cranial nerve 6 |
| Abducens nerve | Cranial nerve 6 |
| The cerebrum is separated from the cerebellum by the | transverse fissure |
| which of the following is most closely associated with the diencephalon | The thalamus |
| Which of the following extensions of the dura mater separates the two cerebral lobes | Falx cerebelli |
| Conduct impulses from skin skeletal muscle and Joints to the central nervous system | General somatic afferent fibers |
| conduct impulses from the viscera and blood vessels to the central nervous system | General visceral afferent fibers |
| Conduct impulses from the central nervous system to skeletal muscles causing contraction | General somatic efferent fibers |
| Conduct impulses from the central nervous system to cause contractions of smooth and cardiac muscle and secretion by glands | General visceral efferent fibers |
| Carry motor impulses from the brain to the muscles used in chewing swallowing speaking and forming facial expression | Special somatic efferent fibers |
| Carry sensory impulses to the brain from the olfactory and taste receptors | Special visceral afferent fibers |
| Carry sensory impulses from The receptors of sight hearing and equilibrium | Special somatic efferent fibers |
| In the case of a subdural hematoma resulting from a Blow To The Head blood accumulates between the | Dura mater and arachnoid Mater |
| Grey matter of the spinal cord is mostly composed of |
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Kdm3395