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BiochemFinalLogan2
Reveiw of Biochemistry I part 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Simple Sugars/Monosaccharides | Cn(H20)n |
| Glyceraldehyde (C3H6O3) | Used by cells, 2 possible enantiomers. |
| dextrorotary-glyceraldehyde | used as fuel. OH on chiral carbon goes up or to the right. |
| Ribose (C5H10O5) | 8 stereoisomers, found in RNA, ATP, etc. An aldopentose. |
| Glucose (C5H12O6) | 16 stereoisomers, blood sugar, an aldohexose |
| Galactose | stereoisomer of glucose |
| Anomeric Carbon | Has 2 oxygens bound to it, is the hemiacetal/hemiketal carbon. |
| Reducing sugars | A substance which will react as a reducing agent and will allow itself to be oxidized. |
| Disaccharides | Cn(H2O)n-1 contain simple sugars, and glycosidic linkages |
| Maltose | Contains an alpha 1,4 linkage |
| What does hydrolysis of maltose yield? | 2 glucoses |
| Lactose | Contains Beta 1,4 linkage |
| What does hydrolysis of lactose yield? | glucose and galactose. |
| Sucrose | Contains Alpha 1, beta 2 linkage. Has no unbound anomeric carbon. |
| What does hydrolysis of sucrose yield? | A glucose and a fructose. |
| Oligosaccharides | Carbohydrates with 3 to 15 simple sugars. These are labeled as dietary fibers, because the are indigestible. |
| Polysaccharides | Carbohydrates with 15+ simple sugars. Starch. |
| Starch | a homopolymer of glucose. Associated with plants, stores energy. |
| Glycogen | a homopolymer of glucose. Associated with animals, energy storage. Stored in Liver and skeletal muscles cells. |
| Cellulose | Wood. Indigestible. |
| Fatty Acids | The 3rd type of building block molecule. Have a long hydrophobic tail. |
| Saturated fats | have no double bounds |
| Unsaturated fats | Have one or more double bonds. Missing at least 2 hydrogens. |
| Glycerol | a trialcohol that accommodates 3 fatty acids via esterification |
| Triacylgycerol (TAG) | A storage mode for lipids. Stored in adipocytes, not water soluble. |
| 2 Types of TAGs | Oils and fats |
| Oils | Liquid at room temp. due to increased number of double bonds. Plant source. |
| Fats | Solid at room temp. Saturated. Animal source. |
| Polar Lipids | Have a hydrophobic and hydrophilic end. Found in membranes, micelles, etc. |
| What are the two categories of polar lipids? | Diacyglycerols, and sphingolipids. |
| Diacylglycerols | Contain 2 acyl groups |
| Sphingolipids | From sphingosines (a molecule with a HC tail.) Has only one fatty acid in its structure. Is an amide – there are no ester linkages.Has 2 HC tails |
| Cholesterol | A structural component of lipid bi-layers. We do not metabolize therefore no energy content. Hydrophobic. |
Created by:
eane220
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