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Earthquakes
Earthquake unit
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Earthquake | A sudden and violent shaking of the ground, sometimes causing great destruction, as a result of movements within the earth's crust or volcanic action. |
| Crust | The outer layer of the Earth, between the surface and the mantle, which is up to 40 miles deep. |
| Fault | (Of a rock formation) Be broken by a fault or faults. |
| Mantle | The region of the earth's interior between the crust and the core, believed to consist of hot, dense silicate rocks (mainly peridotite). |
| Lithosphere | the rigid outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle. |
| Lithospheric Plates | Lithospheric plates are another name for tectonic plates, which are part of the Earth's uppermost layer, the crust. The term refers to the portions into which the crust is broken. |
| Seismoligists | Seismologists are scientists who study earthquakes and planetary activities as well as their effects, such as tsunamis. They use instruments to gather data and monitor the Earth's crust. |
| Convergent | Convergent boundaries are formed when plates collide/crash with one another. |
| Divergent | Divergent boundaries are formed when two plates moving away from each other. |
| Transform | Transform boundaries are formed when two plates slide past each other. |
| Convection | Heat transfer in a gas or liquid by the circulation of currents from one region to another. Fluid motion caused by an external force such as gravity. |
| P-Waves | P-Waves are a type of elastic wave(primary waves), and are one of the two main types of elastic body waves, called seismic waves in seismology, that travel through a continuum and are the first waves from an earthquake to arrive at a seismograph. |
| Surface wave | Surface waves usually have larger amplitudes and longer wavelengths than body waves, and they travel more slowly than body waves do. |
| Focus | The location where the earthquake begins. The ground ruptures at this spot, then seismic waves radiate outward in all directions. |
| Epicenter | The point on the Earth's surface located directly above the focus of an earthquake. |
| Mercalli Scale | A seismic scale used for measuring the intensity of an earthquake. |
| Ritcher Scale | a numerical scale for expressing the magnitude of an earthquake on the basis of seismograph oscillations. |
| moment magnitude scale | A scale used by seismologists to measure the size of earthquakes in terms of the energy released. |
| Magnitude | The magnitude is a number that characterizes the relative size of an earthquake. Magnitude is based on measurement of the maximum motion recorded by a seismograph. |
| Tsunami | A long high sea wave caused by an earthquake, submarine landslide, or other disturbance. |
| Liquifaction | Liquefaction is a term used in materials sciences to refer to any process which either generates a liquid from a solid or a gas, or generates a non-liquid phase which behaves in accordance with fluid dynamics. |
| Aftershock | A smaller earthquake following the main shock of a large earthquake. |
| Seismology | The study of earthquakes and seismic waves that move through and around the earth. |
| Seismologist | A scientist who studies earthquakes and seismic waves. |
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