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Bio Ch 17
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What would be the outcome if a cell completed mitosis, but did not undergo cytokinesis? | The cell would have two nuclei |
| Which of the following cell types are most likely to remain in G0? | neutrons |
| If the human genome was considered to be a large cookbook, which of the following would represent the individual recipes? | Genes |
| During which stages of the cell cycle do chromosomes consist of two sister chromatids? | G2, and prophase of mitosis |
| What is the order from largest to smallest with parts of cell? | genome-chromosome-gene-nucleotide |
| What might be a likely outcome if a mutation occurred in a promoter region of a gene, such that it was no longer recognized by RNA polymerase? | The protein encoded by the gene would not be synthesized |
| Which is likely to be the shortest chain of nucleotides? | the mRNA |
| How many different amino acids could be encoded if the genetic code was a doublet code (two bases) instead of a triplet code? | 16 |
| What is the most likely target of cell surveillance as a cell approaches the M (metaphase) checkpoint? | Is each chromosome properly joined to the mitotic spindle? |
| Why do cells within an organism differentiate, such that one cell may eventually become a liver cell and another will become an epithelial cell? | because of differences in gene expression |
| Which method of cloning is most similar to the way identical (monozygotic) twins are formed? | Embryo splitting |
| By the end of meiosis II, a cell that had entered meiosis I with 32 chromosomes would have produced _____ daughter cells, which are genetically _______ and which each has _____ chromosomes. | 4, nonidentical, 16 |
| Transcription occurs in/at the _______ and produces ________ from a _______template. | nucleus, RNA, DNA |
| How does the production of sperm differ from the production of eggs? | Meiosis during sperm production produces four sperm cells, whereas meiosis during egg production produces only one functional egg cell. |
| What is cytokinesis? | process whereby the cell divides into two new cells, each with one of the ne nuclei produced by mitosis and roughly half of the cell's organelles and mass |
| What is meiosis? | sequence of two cell divisions that produces haploid cells. This occurs only in cells destined to become sperm or an egg. |
| What does crossing over during meiosis do? | Mixes the genes of homologous chromosomes, and subsequent cell divisions reduce the number of chromosomes by half. |
| What is cell reproduction regulated by? | Selective gene expression |
| What is selective gene expression controlled by? | regulatory genes |
| What may the cell cycle be influenced by? | physical and chemical environments both inside and outside the cell |
| What is differentiation? | process by which cells become different from each other, acquiring specialized forms and functions. |
| What must differentiation in the early embryo triggered by and why? | environmental influences because all cells have the same set of genes |
| What can cell differentiation later in development be influenced by? | environmental cues, but it also depends on the developmental history of the cells that preceded it. |
| What can embryo splitting produce? | up to 8 identical offspring |
| What does somatic cell nuclear transfer produce? | a clone of an adult animal |
| What is therapeutic cloning? | Cloning of human cells for the purpose of treating human disease. |
| What is the goal of therapeutic cloning? | Be able to create cells, tissues, or even whole new organs for human patients. |
Created by:
Jilliandrake